Daniel Patel
Stefan Bruckner
Skip Abstract Section
Skip Supplemental Material SectionAbstract
In this article, we present a method for rendering dynamic scenes featuring translucent procedural volumetric detail with all-frequency soft shadows being cast from objects residing inside the view frustum. Our approach is based on an approximation of physically correct shadows from distant Gaussian area light sources positioned behind the view plane, using iterative convolution. We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of this model and propose an efficient class of convolution kernels which provide high quality at interactive frame rates. Our GPU-based implementation supports arbitrary volumetric detail maps, requires no precomputation, and therefore allows for real-time modification of all rendering parameters.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
zip
patel.zip (28.1 MB)
Supplemental movie and image files for, Instant convolution shadows for volumetric detail mapping
- Agrawala, M., Ramamoorthi, R., Heirich, A., and Moll, L. 2000. Efficient image-based methods for rendering soft shadows. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Annen, T., Dong, Z., Mertens, T., Bekaert, P., Seidel, H.-P., and Kautz, J. 2008. Real-time, all-frequency shadows in dynamic scenes. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 34:1--34:8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Annen, T., Mertens, T., Bekaert, P., Seidel, H.-P., and Kautz, J. 2007. Convolution shadow maps. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering. 51--60. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ash, R. B. and Doleans-Dade, C. A. 1999. Probability and Measure Theory, 2nd ed. Academic Press.Google Scholar
- Ashikmin, M., Premoze, S., and Shirley, P. 2000. A microfacet-based brdf generator. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 65--74. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Baran, I., Chen, J., Ragan-Kelley, J., Durand, F., and Lehtinen, J. 2010. A hierarchical volumetric shadow algorithm for single scattering. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 6, 178:1--178:10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bergner, S., Moller, T., Weiskopf, D., and Muraki, D. J. 2006. A spectral analysis of function composition and its implications for sampling in direct volume visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 12, 5, 1353--1360. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Blinn, J. F. 1978. Simulation of wrinkled surfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 286--292. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chen, J., Baran, I., Durand, F., and Jarosz, W. 2011. Real--time volumetric shadows using 1D min-max mipmaps. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 39--46. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chen, Y., Tong, X., Wang, J., Lin, S., Guo, B., and Shum, H.-Y. 2004. Shell texture functions. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 343--353. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Crassin, C., Neyret, F., Sainz, M., Green, S., and Eisemann, E. 2011. Interactive indirect illumination using voxel cone tracing. Comput. Graph. Forum 30, 7, 1921--1930.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Donnelly, W. and Lauritzen, A. 2006. Variance shadow maps. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 161--165. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eisemann, E., Assarsson, U., Schwarz, M., and Wimmer, M. 2009. Casting shadows in real time. In ACM SIGGRAPH Asia Course Notes. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eisemann, E. and Decoret, X. 2008. Occlusion textures for plausible soft shadows. Comput. Graph. Forum 27, 1, 13--23.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Engel, K., Kraus, M., and Ertl, T. 2001. High-quality pre-integrated volume rendering using hardware-accelerated pixel shading. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Graphics Hardware. 9--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gruen, H., and Thibieroz, N. 2010. OIT and indirect illumination using dx11 linked lists. Presentation at Game Developers Conference.Google Scholar
- Hasenfratz, J.-M., Lapierre, M., Holzschuch, N., and Sillion, F. 2003. A survey of real-time soft shadows algorithms. Comput. Graph. Forum 22, 4, 753--774.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Heckbert, P. S. and Herf, M. 1997. Simulating soft shadows with graphics hardware. Tech. rep. CMU-CS-97-104, Carnegie Mellon University.Google Scholar
- Ihrke, I., Ziegler, G., Tevs, A., Theobalt, C., Magnor, M., and Seidel, H.-P. 2007. Eikonal rendering: Efficient light transport in refractive objects. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 59:1--59:9. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Isidoro, J. R. 2006. Shadow mapping: GPU-based tips and techniques. Presentation at Game Developers Conference.Google Scholar
- Jansen J. and Bavoil, L. 2010. Fourier opacity mapping. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 165--172. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jensen, H. W. and Christensen, P. H. 1998. Efficient simulation of light transport in scenes with participating media using photon maps. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 311--320. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kaplanyan, A. and Dachsbacher, C. 2010. Cascaded light propagation volumes for real-time indirect illumination. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 99--107. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kniss, J., Premoze, S., Hansen, C., Shirley, P., and Mcpherson, A. 2003. A model for volume lighting and modeling. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 9, 2, 150--162. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kozlowski, O. and Kautz, J. 2007. Is accurate occlusion of glossy reflections necessary? In Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization. 91--98. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kroes, T., Post, F. H., and Botha, C. P. 2012. Exposure render: An interactive photo-realistic volume rendering framework. PLoS ONE 7, 7.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lokovic, T. and Veach, E. 2000. Deep shadow maps. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 385--392. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Max, N. 1991. Unified sun and sky illumination for shadows under trees. Graph. Models Image Process. 53, 3, 223--230. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Meyer, A. and Neyret, F. 1998. Interactive volumetric textures. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering. 157--168.Google Scholar
- Oliveira, M. M., Bishop, G., and McAllister, D. 2000. Relief texture mapping. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 359--368. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'Shea, J. P., Banks, M. S., and Agrawala, M. 2008. The assumed light direction for perceiving shape from shading. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization. 135--142. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peng, J., Kristjansson, D., and Zorin, D. 2004. Interactive modeling of topologically complex geometric detail. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 635--643. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Perlin, K. 2002. Improving noise. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 681--682. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pharr, M. and Humphreys, G. 2010. Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation, 2nd ed. Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Policarpo, F. and Oliveira, M. M. 2006. Relief mapping of non-height-field surface details. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games.55--62. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Porumbescu, S. D., Budge, B., Feng, L., and Joy, K. I. 2005. Shell maps. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 626--633. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ritschel, T., Grosch, T., and Seidel, H.-P. 2009. Approximating dynamic global illumination in image space. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. 75--82. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Scherzer, D., Wimmer, M., and Purgathofer, W. 2011. A survey of real-time hard shadow mapping methods. Comput. Graph. Forum 30, 1, 169--186.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schott, M., Pegoraro, V., Hansen, C., Boulanger, K., and Bouatouch, K. 2009. A directional occlusion shading model for interactive direct volume rendering. Comput. Graph. Forum 28, 3, 855--862. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shade, J., Gortler, S., He, L.-W., and Szeliski, R. 1998. Layered depth images. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 231--242. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sillion, F. X. and Puech, C. 1994. Radiosity and Global Illumination. Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Soler, C. and Sillion, F. X. 1998. Fast calculation of soft shadow textures using convolution. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. 321--332. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sun, X., Zhou, K., Stollnitz, E., Shi, J., and Guo, B. 2008. Interactive relighting of dynamic refractive objects. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 35:1--35:9. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Trapp, M., and Dollner, J. 2008. Real-time volumetric tests using layered depth images. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Short Papers. 235--238.Google Scholar
- Solteszova, V., Patel, D., Bruckner, S., and Viola, I. 2010. A multidirectional occlusion shading model for direct volume rendering. Comput. Graph. Forum 29, 3, 883--891. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wang, X., Tong, X., Lin, S., Hu, S., Guo, B., and Shum, H.-Y. 2004. Generalized displacement maps. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering. 227--234. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Woo, A., Poulin, P., and Fournier, A. 1990. A survey of shadow algorithms. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 10, 6, 13--32. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yu, I., Cox, A., Kim, M. H., Ritschel, T., Grosch, T., Dachsbacher, C., and Kautz, J. 2009. Perceptual influence of approximate visibility in indirect illumination. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 6, 4, 24:1--24:14. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhang, C. and Crawfis, R. 2003. Shadows and soft shadows with participating media using splatting. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 9, 2, 139--149. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Instant convolution shadows for volumetric detail mapping
Recommendations
Volumetric shadows using splatting
VIS '02: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02This paper describes an efficient algorithm to model the light attenuation due to a participating media with low albedo. The light attenuation is modeled using splatting volume renderer for both the viewer and the light source. During the rendering, a ...
Shadows and Soft Shadows with Participating Media Using Splatting
This paper describes an efficient algorithm to model the light attenuation due to a participating media with low albedo. Here, we consider the light attenuation along a ray, as well as the light attenuation emanating from a surface. The light ...
Frustum-traced raster shadows: revisiting irregular z-buffers
i3D '15: Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and GamesWe present a real-time system that renders antialiased hard shadows using irregular z-buffers (IZBs). For subpixel accuracy, we use 32 samples per pixel at roughly twice the cost of a single sample. Our system remains interactive on a variety of game ...
Comments