Eric P. S. Baumer
Rui Sun
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
Recent work has identified a variety of motivations for various forms of technology use and non-use. However, less work has closely examined relationships between those motivations and the experiences of transiting among these different forms of use and non-use. This paper fills that gap by conducting a qualitative interview- and diary-based study where participants were asked to deactivate their Facebook account. An abductive analysis suggests participants' experiences can be organized under the conceptual umbrella of sense of agency, which refers to an individual's perception that their actions are under their own control. The analysis shows how, across disparate motivations, all participants took actions that increased their own subjective sense of agency, regardless of whether they returned to Facebook or not. The discussion applies this conceptual lens to prior studies of technology use and non-use. Doing so shows how sense of agency may provide an organizing orientation for understanding subjective experiences of use and non-use.
- Alessandro Acquisti and Ralph Gross. 2006. Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook. In Proceedings of the Privacy Enhancing Technology Symposium. Springer, Cambridge, England, 36--58. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Icek Ajzen. 1991. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 2 (Dec. 1991), 179--211.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cecilie Schou Andreassen, Torbjørn Torsheim, Geir Scott Brunborg, and Stale Pallesen. 2012. Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports 110, 2 (April 2012), 501--517.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eric P. S. Baumer. 2015. Usees. In Proc CHI. ACM Press, 3295--3298. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Phil Adams, Vera D. Khovanskaya, Tony C. Liao, Madeline E. Smith, Victoria Schwanda Sosik, and Kaiton Williams. 2013. Limiting, Leaving, and (Re)Lapsing: An Exploration of Facebook Non-Use Practices and Experiences. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). ACM, Paris, 3257--3266. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric P. S. Baumer and Jed R. Brubaker. 2017. Post-Userism. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). ACM, Denver, CO, 6291--6303. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Jenna Burrell, Morgan G. Ames, Jed R. Brubaker, and Paul Dourish. 2015. On the Importance and Implications of StudyingTechnologyNon-Use.interactions22,2(2015),52--56. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha, Emily Quan, David Mimno, and Geri K. Gay. 2015. Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? HowExperiencesofSocialMediaNon-UseIn uencetheLikelihoodofReversion.SocialMedia+Society1,2(2015).Google Scholar
- Eric P. S. Baumer, Xiaotong Xu, Christine Chu, Shion Guha, and Geri K. Gay. 2017. When Subjects Interpret the Data: Social Media Non-Use as a Case for Adapting the Delphi Method to CSCW. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW) (CSCW '17). ACM, Portland, OR, 1527--1543. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tim Bayne and Elisabeth Pacherie. 2007. Narrators and Comparators: The Architecture of Agentive Self-Awareness. Synthese 159, 3 (Dec. 2007), 475--491.Google Scholar
- Jeremy Birnholtz. 2010. Adopt, Adapt, Abandon: Understanding Why Some Young Adults Start, and Then Stop, Using Instant Messaging. Computers in Human Behavior 26, 6 (Nov. 2010), 1427--1433. Google ScholarDigital Library
- danah boyd. 2014. It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens (1 edition ed.). Yale University Press, New Haven. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jed R. Brubaker. 2008. Wants Moar: Visual Media's Use of Text in LOLcats and Silent Film. gnovis Journal 8 (May 2008), 117--124.Google Scholar
- Jed R. Brubaker, Mike Ananny, and Kate Crawford. 2014. Departing Glances: A Sociotechnical Account of 'leaving' Grindr. New Media & Society 18, 3 (2014), 373--390.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Geo Cooper and John Bowers. 1995. Representing the User: Notes on the Disciplinary Rhetoric of HCI. In The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-Computer Interfaces, Peter J. Thomas (Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 48--66. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Reed Larson. 1987. Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 175, 9 (1987), 526--536.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fred D. Davis, Richard P. Bagozzi, and Paul R. Warshaw. 1989. User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science 35, 8 (1989), 982--1003. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jenny Davis. 2012. The Problem with Internet Addiction. (2012).Google Scholar
- Maeve Duggan, Nicole B. Ellison, Cli Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden. 2015. Pew Social Meida Report 2015. Technical Report January. Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
- Cathy A. Eastwood, Lucille Travis, Tanya T. Morgenstern, and Erin K. Donaho. 2007 Sep-Oct. Weight and Symptom Diary for Self- Monitoring in Heart Failure Clinic Patients. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 22, 5 (2007 Sep-Oct), 382--389.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nicole B. Ellison, Charles Stein eld, and Cli Lampe. 2007. The Bene ts of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12, 4 (July 2007), 1143--1168.Google ScholarCross Ref
- MustafaEmirbayerandAnnMische.1998.WhatIsAgency?Amer.J.Sociology103,4(Jan.1998),962--1023.Google Scholar
- Marcus Foth and Greg Hearn. 2007. Networked Individualism of Urban Residents: Discovering the Communicative Ecology in Inner-City Apartment Buildings. Information, Communication & Society 10, 5 (Oct. 2007), 749--772. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. X, No. Y, Article Z. Publication date: November 2018Google Scholar
- Chris Frith. 2005. The Self in Action: Lessons from Delusions of Control. Consciousness and Cognition 14, 4 (Dec. 2005), 752--770.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C D Frith, S J Blakemore, and D M Wolpert. 2000. Abnormalities in the Awareness and Control of Action. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 355, 1404 (Dec. 2000), 1771--1788.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shaun Gallagher. 2007. The Natural Philosophy of Agency. Philosophy Compass 2, 2 (March 2007), 347--357.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shaun Gallagher. 2012. Multiple Aspects in the Sense of Agency. New Ideas in Psychology 30, 1 (April 2012), 15--31.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Routledge, Oxon and New York.Google Scholar
- Ricardo Gomez, Kirsten Foot, Meg Young, Rose Paquet-Kinsley, and Stacey Morrison. 2015. Pulling the Plug Visually: Images of Resistance to ICTs and Connectivity. First Monday 20, 11 (Nov. 2015).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jon E. Grant, Marc N. Potenza, Aviv Weinstein, and David A. Gorelick. 2010. Introduction to Behavioral Addictions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36, 5 (Aug. 2010), 233--241.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin, and Maeve Duggan. 2016. Social Media Update 2016. Technical Report. Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
- Mark D. Griffths. 2013. Social Networking Addiction: Emerging Themes and Issues. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy 4, 5 (2013).Google Scholar
- Mark D. Griffths, Daria J. Kuss, and Zsolt Demetrovics. 2014. Social Networking Addiction. In Behavioral Addictions. Elsevier, 119--141.Google Scholar
- Shion Guha and Stephen B. Wicker.2015.SpatialSubterfuge:AnExperienceSamplingStudytoPredictDeceptiveLocationDisclosures.In Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp). ACM, Osaka, Japan, 1131--1135. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christine A. Halverson. 2002. Activity Theory and Distributed Cognition: Or What Does CSCW Need to DO with Theories? Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 11, 1 (2002), 243--267. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eszter Hargittai. 2008. Whose Space? Di erences Among Users and Non-Users of Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13, 1 (2008), 276--297. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eszter Hargittai and Alice Marwick. 2016. "What Can I Really Do?" Explaining the Privacy Paradox with Online Apathy. International Journal of Communication 10 (2016).Google Scholar
- Ellie Harmon and Melissa Mazmanian. 2013. Stories of the Smartphone in Everyday Discourse: Con ict, Tension & Instability. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). Paris, 1051--1060. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Julia M. Hormes, Brianna Kearns, and C. Alix Timko. 2014. Craving Facebook? Behavioral Addiction to Online Social Networking and Its Association with Emotion Regulation De cits. Addiction 109, 12 (Dec. 2014), 2079--2088.Google ScholarCross Ref
- ISO/IEC. 2001. 9126--1:2001 Software Engineering -- Product Quality -- Part 1: Quality Model. Technical Report.Google Scholar
- ISO/IEC. 2007. 15939:2007 Systems and Software Engineering -- Measurement Process. Technical Report.Google Scholar
- Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie A. Nardi. 2006. Acting with Technology: Activity Theory and Interaction Design (Acting with Technology). The MIT Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cliff Lampe, Jessica Vitak, and Nicole Ellison. 2013. Users and Nonusers: Interactions between Levels of Facebook Adoption and Social Capital. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Baltimore, MD, 809--819. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Robert LaRose, Carolyn A. Lin, and Matthew S. Eastin. 2003. Unregulated Internet Usage: Addiction, Habit, or De cient Self-Regulation? Media Psychology 5, 3 (Aug. 2003), 225--253.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Reed Larson and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 1983. The Experience Sampling Method. In New Directions for Methdology of Social & Behavioral Science, H. T. Reis (Ed.). Vol. 15. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 41--56.Google Scholar
- Bruno Latour. 1992. Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts. In Shaping Technology / Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, Wiebe E. Bijker and John Law (Eds.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 225--258.Google Scholar
- Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company, New York.Google Scholar
- Gilly Leshed, Maria Hakansson, and Joseph 'Jo sh' Kaye. 2014. "Our Life Is the Farm and Farming Is Our Life": Home-Work Coordination in Organic Farm Families. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 487--498. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moez Limayem, Sabine Gabriele Hirt, and Christy M K Cheung. 2013. Habit in the Context of IS Continuance: Theory Extension and Scale Development. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). Utrecht.Google Scholar
- John Lo and, David A. Snow, Leon Anderson, and Lyn H. Lo and. 1971 (2005). Analyzing Social Settings. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. Alice E. Marwick. 2012. The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life. Surveillance and Society 9, 4 (2012), 378--393. Stanley Milgram. 1974. Obedience to Authority. Harper & Row, New York.Google Scholar
- Alice E. Marwick. 2012. The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life. Surveillance and Society 9, 4 (2012), 378--393.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stanley Milgram. 1974. Obedience to Authority. Harper & Row, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- James W. Moore. 2016. What Is the Sense of Agency and Why Does It Matter? Frontiers in Psychology 7 (Aug. 2016).Google Scholar
- Judith A. Ouellette and Wendy Wood. 1998. Habit and Intention in Everyday Life: The Multiple Processes by Which Past Behavior Predicts Future Behavior. Psychological Bulletin 124, 1 (July 1998), 54--74.Google ScholarCross Ref
- AnttiOulasvirta,TyeRattenbury,LingyiMa,andEevaRaita.2012.HabitsMakeSmartphoneUseMorePervasive.PersonalandUbiquitous Computing 16, 1 (Jan. 2012), 105--114. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elisabeth Pacherie. 2007. The Sense of Control and the Sense of Agency. Psyche 13, 1 (2007), 1--30.Google Scholar
- Leysia Palen and Paul Dourish. 2003. Unpacking "Privacy" for a Networked World. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 129--136. Google ScholarDigital Library
- James Pierce and Eric Paulos. 2014. Some Variations on a Counterfunctional Digital Camera. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS). ACM, Vancouver, BC, 131--140. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ethan R. Plaut. 2015. Technologies of Avoidance: The Swear Jar and the Cell Phone. First Monday 20, 11 (2015).Google Scholar
- Laura Portwood-Stacer. 2012. How We Talk About Media Refusal, Part 1: "Addiction". Flow 16, 3 (2012).Google Scholar
- Laura Portwood-Stacer. 2013. Media Refusal and Conspicuous Non-Consumption: The Performative and Political Dimensions of Facebook Abstention. New Media & Society 15, 7 (Nov. 2013), 1041--1057.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lee Rainie and Mary Madden. 2015. Americans' Privacy Strategies Post-Snowden. (March 2015).Google Scholar
- Lee Rainie, Aaron Smith, and Maeve Duggan. 2013. Coming and Going on Facebook. Technical Report. Pew Research Center, Pew Internet and American Life Project, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
- Tracii Ryan and Sophia Xenos. 2011. Who Uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Usage. Computers in Human Behavior 27, 5 (Sept. 2011), 1658--1664. Google ScholarCross Ref
- ChristineSatchellandPaulDourish.2009.BeyondtheUser:UseandNon-UseinHCI.InProceedingsoftheAustralasianComputer-Human Interaction Conference (OZCHI). ACM, Melbourne, Australia, 9--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck. 2014. Giving up Twitter for Lent: How and Why We Take Breaks from Social Media. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). Toronto, ON, 773--782. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Natasha Dow Schull. 2012. Addiction by Design. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
- Christie Napa Scollon, Chu Kim-Prieto, and Ed Diener. 2009. Experience Sampling: Promises and Pitfalls, Strengths and Weaknesses. In Assessing Well-Being, Ed Diener and Alex C. Michalos (Eds.). Springer, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
- Irina Shklovski, Janet Vertesi, and Silvia Lindtner. 2014. Introduction to This Special Issue on Transnational HCI. Human--Computer Interaction 29, 1 (Jan. 2014), 1--21. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Madeline E. Smith, Duyen T. Nguyen, Charles Lai, Gilly Leshed, and Eric P.S. Baumer. 2012. Going to College and Staying Connected: Communication Between College Freshmen and Their Parents. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). ACM, Seattle, WA, 789--798. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stefan Stieger, Christoph Burger, Manuel Bohn, and Martin Voracek. 2013. Who Commits Virtual Identity Suicide? Differences in Privacy Concerns, Internet Addiction, and Personality between Facebook Users and Quitters. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, 9 (Sept. 2013), 629--34.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Adam Tapal, Ela Oren, Reuven Dar, and Baruch Eitam. 2017. The Sense of Agency Scale: A Measure of Consciously Perceived Control overOne'sMind,Body,andtheImmediateEnvironment.FrontiersinPsychology8(Sept.2017).Google Scholar
- Zeynep Tufekci. 2008. Grooming, Gossip, Facebook and MySpace. Information, Communication & Society 11, 4 (June 2008), 544--564.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alexander J. A. M. van Deursen, Colin L. Bolle, Sabrina M. Hegner, and Piet A. M. Kommers. 2015. Modeling Habitual and Addictive Smartphone Behavior: The Role of Smartphone Usage Types, Emotional Intelligence, Social Stress, Self-Regulation, Age, and Gender. Computers in Human Behavior 45 (April 2015), 411--420. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bas Verplanken and Henk Aarts. 1999. Habit, Attitude, and Planned Behaviour: Is Habit an Empty Construct or an Interesting Case of Goal-DirectedAutomaticity?EuropeanReviewofSocialPsychology10,1(Jan.1999),101--134.Google Scholar
- Verplanken Bas, Aarts Henk, Knippenberg Ad, and Moonen Anja. 2011. Habit versus Planned Behaviour: A Field Experiment. British Journal of Social Psychology 37, 1 (June 2011), 111--128.Google Scholar
- Daniel M. Wegner. 2002. The Illusion of Conscious Will. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- Daniel M. Wegner and Thalia Wheatley. 1999. Apparent Mental Causation: Sources of the Experience of Will. American Psychologist 54, 7 (July 1999), 480--492.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pamela Wisniewski, Heng Xu, and Yunan Chen. 2014. Understanding User Adaptation Strategies for the Launching of Facebook Timeline. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). ACM, Toronto, ON, 2421--2430. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. X, No. Y, Article Z. Publication date: November 2018. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wendy Wood and David T. Neal. 2007. A New Look at Habits and the Habit-Goal Interface. Psychological Review 114, 4 (Oct. 2007), 843--863.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sally Wyatt. 2003. Non-Users Also Matter: The Construction of Users and Non-Users of the Internet. In How Users Matter: The Co-Construction of Users and Technology, Nelly Oudshoorn and Trevor Pinch (Eds.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 67--79.Google Scholar
- Peter M. Yellowlees and Shayna Marks. 2007. Problematic Internet Use or Internet Addiction? Computers in Human Behavior 23, 3 (May 2007), 1447--1453. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Departing and Returning: Sense of Agency as an Organizing Concept for Understanding Social Media Non/use Transitions
Recommendations
Do I Stay or Do I Go?: Motivations and Decision Making in Social Media Non-use and Reversion
GROUPThis paper explores the ways in which users give up as well as revert back to using social media based on the analysis of qualitative data from 680 respondents to a survey (N=1072). By focusing on the motivations rather than any particular social media ...
Examining social media use among older adults
HT '13: Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social MediaSocial media is a powerful tool that can connect family and friends across long distances as well as link people with similar interests. Social media has been widely adopted by younger adults, but older adults have been less likely to use such ...
Revisiting the Privacy Paradox: Concerns and Protection Strategies in the Social Media Experiences of Older Adults
SMSociety '18: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Media and SocietyOlder adults (65+) use a wide range of digital media, yet have been slow in adopting social media specifically. In this paper, we explore to what extent privacy concerns could be a barrier to social media adoption in this demographic. By analyzing in-...
Comments