Zhice Yang
Abstract
This paper presents Shadow, a novel display-to-device communication system working in radio frequency. It leverages Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) signals emanating from displays to transmit information. Specifically, Shadow modulates the high-frequency electric signals flowing in the display interface and makes the leaked EMR signals fall into the FM band. In this way, nearby mobile devices can receive information from the display through FM receivers. Compared with other display-to-device communication approaches, Shadow does not rely on cameras, and is thus more lightweight and requires fewer user actions. Furthermore, Shadow's transmissions do not incur any degradation in the display quality, as they only take place in the Blanking Interval, which will not be shown on the display panel. Shadow requires no modification to existing hardware. The prototype is implemented with commodity display systems and mobile devices. Results show that it can achieve 1.5 kbps at distances of up to 20 cm from the display panel.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, Lightweight Display-to-device Communication Using Electromagnetic Radiation and FM Radio
- 2017. Analog and Digital TV (DVB-T) Signal Generation. http://bellard.org/dvbt/. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. bmc 11ac chip. https://wikidevi.com/wiki/Broadcom. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Easy TV APP. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.easy.tv.remote8hl=en. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Electromagnetic compatibility. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_compatibility. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. FCC PUBLIC NOTICE: Permitted Form of low POWER BROADCAST operation. https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-297510A1.pdf. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. google glass spec. http://www.usish.com/english/products_wm_bn_bm_04.php. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. High Speed, Digital to Analog Converters Basics. http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa523a/slaa523a.pdf. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. iphone spec. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140919151138-5689549-size-doesn-t-matter-speed-does. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. MTK 6577 Firmware. https://github.com/andr3jx/MTK6577/tree/master/kernel/firmware. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Oversampling Interpolating DACs. http://www.analog.com/media/cn/training-seminars/tutorials/MT-017.pdf. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Portable FM Antenna. http://www.amotech.co.kr/Eng/KST/Product.asp?ContentsIdx=688CategoryIdx=48SubIdx=1. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. QR code ad. http://www.youscan.me/blog/case-studies/mall-of-america-use-qr-code-to-give-you-1000-shopping-spree-prize/. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. qrpay. http://www.qrpay.com/. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Secure Quick Reliable Login. https://www.grc.com/sqrl/sqrl.htm. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Spirit2 FM radio. https://github.com/mikereidis/spirit2_free. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Title 47 CFR PART 15RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES. http://www.ecfr.gov/. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. Turning the Raspberry Pi Into an FM Transmitter. http://www.icrobotics.co.uk/wiki/index.php/Turning_the_Raspberry_Pi_Into_an_FM_Transmitter. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. VGA Standard. http://www.vesa.org. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2017. VGASIG. http://bk.gnarf.org/creativity/vgasig/. (2017).Google Scholar
- 2018. FM deemph: Gnu radio. https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio/blob/da0a102e9b076db83fe5a63b3730ac39b588eb92/gr-analog/python/analog/fm_demod.py. (2018).Google Scholar
- 2018. Frequency Modulation (FM) Tutorial. https://goo.gl/13pqm8. (2018).Google Scholar
- Dakshi Agrawal, Bruce Archambeault, Josyula R. Rao, and Pankaj Rohatgi. The EM Side channel(s). In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - CUES 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tim Curran and Jeanne Doyle. 2011. Picture superiority doubly dissociates the ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, 5 (2011), 1247--1262. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Guri, G. Kedma, A. Kachlon, and Y. Elovici. AirHopper: Bridging the air-gap between isolated networks and mobile phones using radio frequencies. In 2014 9th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software: The Americas (MALWARE) (2014-10). 58--67.Google Scholar
- Tian Hao, Ruogu Zhou, and Guoliang Xing. 2012. COBRA: Color Barcode Streaming for Smartphone Systems (MobiSys '12). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yuichi Hayashi, Naofumi Homma, Mamoru Miura, Takafumi Aoki, and Hideaki Sone. A Threat for Tablet PCs in Public Space: Remote Visualization of Screen Images Using EM Emanation (CCS '14). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wenjun Hu, Hao Gu, and Qifan Pu. LightSync: Unsynchronized Visual Communication over Screen-camera Links (MobiCom '13). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wenjun Hu, Jingshu Mao, Zihui Huang, Yiqing Xue, Junfeng She, Kaigui Bian, and Guobin Shen. Strata: Layered Coding for Scalable Visual Communication (MobiCom '14). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Kocher, Joshua Jaffe, and Benjamin Jun. Differential Power Analysis. In Advances in Cryptology.Google Scholar
- Markus G. Kuhn and Ross J. Anderson. Soft Tempest: Hidden Data Transmission Using Electromagnetic Emanations. In Information Hiding. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Google Scholar
- Tianxing Li, Chuankai An, Xinran Xiao, Andrew T. Campbell, and Xia Zhou. Real-Time Screen-Camera Communication Behind Any Scene (MobiSys '15). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Abraham Loutridis, Kansheng Yang, Matthias John, and Max Ammann. A Compact Printed Spiral FM Antenna. Session 3P0 (????), 1830.Google Scholar
- Francis Rajesh Martin, Patrick Clement, Sameer Bidichandani, and Frederic Castella. 2012. Virtual FM antenna. (Feb. 21 2012). US Patent 8,121,662.Google Scholar
- Samuel David Perli, Nabeel Ahmed, and Dina Katabi. PixNet: Interference-free Wireless Links Using LCD-camera Pairs (MobiCom '10). ACM.Google Scholar
- Tippure S Sundresh, Frank A Cassara, and Harry Schachter. 1977. Maximum a posteriori estimator for suppression of interchannel interference in FM receivers. Communications, IEEE Transactions on 25, 12 (1977), 1480--1485.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Martin Vuagnoux and Sylvain Pasini. Compromising Electromagnetic Emanations of Wired and Wireless Keyboards (SSYM'09). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anran Wang, Zhuoran Li, Chunyi Peng, Guobin Shen, Gan Fang, and Bing Zeng. InFrame++: Achieve Simultaneous Screen-Human Viewing and Hidden Screen-Camera Communication (MobiSys '15). Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Lightweight Display-to-device Communication Using Electromagnetic Radiation and FM Radio
Recommendations
Lightweight Display-to-device Communication using Electromagnetic Radiation and FM Radio
Mobihoc '17: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and ComputingThis paper presents Shadow, a novel display-to-device communication system working in radio frequency. It leverages the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) emanated from display to transmit information. We modulate the signal transmitted to display to make ...
Ultra Wide Band Electromagnetic Shielding Through a Simple Single Layer Frequency Selective Surface
Due to enormous increase of electromagnetic radiation emitted from proliferating radiating sources, precautionary approaches should be taken to minimize the resultant electromagnetic interference (EMI). Recognized as an effective countermeasure, ...
Analysis of Anti-radiation Computer Mouse and Keyboard
ICECC '12: Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and ControlIn order to solve the electromagnetic radiation problem of traditional computer mouse and computer keyboard, we disclose sets of new anti-radiation computer mouse and computer keyboard. These anti-radiation computer mouse and keyboard are specially ...
Comments