Ingo Börsting
Marc Hesenius
ABSTRACT
Developing a suitable architecture for Cyber-Physical Systems requires architects to consider all necessary areas - software, hardware, networking - and have an understanding of how information is passed between the different components. Errors in some part might be caused by problems in another, thus a deeper understanding of the information flow is necessary to identify possible error sources. We present how Architecture Trace Diagrams (ATDs) can be used to model the architecture and information flow of Cyber-Physical Systems. In a study with several developers, we show that participants using ATDs achieved better results in terms of correctness, speed, and participant self-efficacy in comparison to UML diagrams.
- Syed Hassan Ahmed, Gwanghyeon Kim, and Dongkyun Kim. 2013. Cyber Physical System: Architecture, applications and research challenges. In Wireless Days (WD), 2013 IFIP. IEEE, 1--5.Google Scholar
- G. A. Barnard. 1945. A New Test for 2×2 Tables. Nature 156 (Aug. 1945), 177.Google Scholar
- Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson. 2005. The Unified Modeling Language User Guide (2 edition ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Matthias Book, Volker Gruhn, and Rüdiger Striemer. 2016. Tamed Agility. Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
- Deborah R. Compeau and Christopher A. Higgins. 1995. Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test. MIS Quarterly 19, 2 (June 1995), 189. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Davide Falessi, Giovanni Cantone, Rick Kazman, and Philippe Kruchten. 2011. Decision-making techniques for software architecture design: A comparative survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 43, 4 (2011), 33. Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Garlan, Robert Monroe, and David Wile. 1997. Acme: An Architecture Description Interchange Language. In Proceedings of the 1997 Conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research (CASCON '97). IBM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Imen Graja, Slim Kallel, Nawal Guermouche, and Ahmed Hadj Kacem. 2016. BPMN4CPS: A BPMN Extension for Modeling Cyber-Physical Systems. In 2016 IEEE 25th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). 152--157. 2016.41Google ScholarCross Ref
- Volker Gruhn, Stefan Gries, Marc Hesenius, Julius Ollesch, Shafiq ur Rehman, Nils Schwenzfeier, Christian Wahl, and Florian Wessling. 2017. Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 297: New Trends in Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (2017), 3--18.Google Scholar
- Erik Hebisch, Matthias Book, and Volker Gruhn. 2015. Scenario-based Architect-ing with Architecture Trace Diagrams. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture (TwinPeaks '15). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 16--19. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2821481.2821488 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas A. Henzinger and Joseph Sifakis. 2006. The Embedded Systems Design Challenge. In FM 2006: Formal Methods, Jayadev Misra, Tobias Nipkow, and Emil Sekerinski (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1--15. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christine Hofmeister, Philippe Kruchten, Robert L Nord, Henk Obbink, Alexander Ran, and Pierre America. 2007. A general model of software architecture design derived from five industrial approaches. Journal of Systems and Software, 80, 1 (2007), 106--126. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rick Kazman, Len Bass, and Mark Klein. 2006. The essential components of software architecture design and analysis. Journal of Systems and Software 79, 8 (2006), 1207--1216. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. K. Khaitan and J. D. McCalley. 2015. Design Techniques and Applications of Cyberphysical Systems: A Survey. IEEE Systems Journal 9, 2 (June 2015), 350--365.Google ScholarCross Ref
- E. A. Lee. 2010. CPS foundations. In Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 737--742. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henry Muccini and Mohammad Sharaf. 2017. Caps: Architecture description of situational aware cyber physical systems. In Software Architecture (ICSA), 2017 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 211--220.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Akshay Rajhans, Shang-Wen Cheng, Bradley Schmerl, David Garlan, Bruce H. Krogh, Clarence Agbi, and Ajinkya Bhave. 2009. An Architectural Approach to the Design and Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems An Architectural Approach to the Design and Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems. Electronic Communications of the EASST 21: Multi-Paradigm Modeling 2009 (2009).Google Scholar
- Antony Tang, Aldeida Aleti, Janet Burge, and Hans van Vliet. 2010. What makes software design effective? Design Studies 31, 6 (2010), 614--640.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lihua Xu, Debra J Richardson, and Hadar Ziv. 2007. A survey of software architecture decision-making techniques. Institute for Software Research, University of California, Irvine, Technical Report UCI-ISR-07-10 (2007).Google Scholar
- Uwe Zdun, Paris Avgeriou, Carsten Hentrich, and Schahram Dustdar. 2008. Architecting as decision making with patterns and primitives. In Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge. ACM, 11--18. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Architecture trace diagrams for cyber-physical systems
Recommendations
Towards Independent In-Cloud Evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems
CPSNA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and ApplicationsThe capabilities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are increasingly being extended towards new composite services deployed across a range of smart sensing and controlling devices. These services enable the emergence of multiple end-to-end cyber-physical ...
Review of Cyber-Physical System Architecture
ISORCW '12: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing WorkshopsWith the goal of accomplish the ubiquitous intelligence in social life, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are getting growing attentions of researchers and engineers. However, the complexity of computing and physical dynamics bring a lot of challenges in the ...
A Preliminary Study on Architecting Cyber-Physical Systems
ECSAW '15: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture WorkshopsCyber-physical systems (CPSs) are deemed as the key enablers of next generation applications. Needless to say, the design, verification and validation of cyber-physical systems reaches unprecedented levels of complexity, specially due to their ...
Comments