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Foundations of genetic programmingMarch 2002
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Abstract
Genetic programming (GP), one of the most advanced forms of evolutionary computation, has been highly successful as a technique for getting computers to automatically solve problems without having to tell them explicitly how. Since its inceptions more than ten years ago, GP has been used to solve practical problems in a variety of application fields. Along with this ad-hoc engineering approaches interest increased in how and why GP works. This book provides a coherent consolidation of recent work on the theoretical foundations of GP. A concise introduction to GP and genetic algorithms (GA) is followed by a discussion of fitness landscapes and other theoretical approaches to natural and artificial evolution. Having surveyed early approaches to GP theory it presents new exact schema analysis, showing that it applies to GP as well as to the simpler GAs. New results on the potentially infinite number of possible programs are followed by two chapters applying these new techniques.
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- Langdon W Elementary bit string mutation landscapes Proceedings of the 11th workshop proceedings on Foundations of genetic algorithms, (25-42)
- Moraglio A One-point geometric crossover Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Parallel problem solving from nature: Part I, (83-93)
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- Bader-El-Den M and Fatima S Genetic programming for auction based scheduling Proceedings of the 13th European conference on Genetic Programming, (256-267)
- Moraglio A and Silva S Geometric differential evolution on the space of genetic programs Proceedings of the 13th European conference on Genetic Programming, (171-183)
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- Silva S Handling bloat in GP Proceedings of the 12th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (2769-2794)
- Vanneschi L Fitness landscapes and problem hardness in genetic programming Proceedings of the 12th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (2711-2738)
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- Vladislavleva E, Smits G and Den Hertog D (2009). Order of nonlinearity as a complexity measure for models generated by symbolic regression via Pareto genetic programming, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13:2, (333-349), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2009.
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- Silva S and Vanneschi L Operator equalisation, bloat and overfitting Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1115-1122)
- Gao X, Wang X and Ovaska S (2009). Fusion of clonal selection algorithm and differential evolution method in training cascade-correlation neural network, Neurocomputing, 72:10-12, (2483-2490), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2009.
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- Chakraborty U An evolutionary computation approach to predicting output voltage from fuel utilization in SOFC stacks Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation, (2165-2171)
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- Greene C, White B and Moore J Sensible initialization using expert knowledge for genome-wide analysis of epistasis using genetic programming Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation, (1289-1296)
- Payne A and Stepney S Representation and structural biases in CGP Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation, (1064-1071)
- Byrne J, O'Neil M, Hemberg E and Brabazon A Analysis of constant creation techniques on the binomial-3 problem with grammatical evolution Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation, (568-573)
- Carro-Calvo L, Salcedo-Sanz S, Gil-Pita R, Portilla-Figueras A and Rosa-Zurera M (2009). An evolutionary multiclass algorithm for automatic classification of high range resolution radar targets, Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 16:1, (51-60), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009.
- Vanneschi L Fitness landscapes and problem hardness in genetic programming Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: Late Breaking Papers, (3657-3684)
- Alfaro-Cid E, Esparcia-Alcazar A, Moya P, Merelo J, Femenia-Ferrer B, Sharman K and Primo J Multiobjective genetic programming approach for a smooth modeling of the release kinetics of a pheromone dispenser Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: Late Breaking Papers, (2225-2230)
- Langdon W, Rowsell J and Harrison A Creating regular expressions as mRNA motifs with GP to predict human exon splitting Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1789-1790)
- Poli R and Graff M Free lunches for neural network search Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1291-1298)
- Krawiec K and Lichocki P Approximating geometric crossover in semantic space Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (987-994)
- Woodward J and Bai R Why evolution is not a good paradigm for program induction Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, (593-600)
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- Lukas A and Oppacher F Co-evolutionary automatically defined functions in genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS international conference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and data bases, (354-359)
- Dignum S and Poli R Crossover, sampling, bloat and the harmful effects of size limits Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Genetic programming, (158-169)
- McPhee N, Ohs B and Hutchison T Semantic building blocks in genetic programming Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Genetic programming, (134-145)
- Graff M and Poli R Practical model of genetic programming's performance on rational symbolic regression problems Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Genetic programming, (122-133)
- Dignum S and Poli R Operator equalisation and bloat free GP Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Genetic programming, (110-121)
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- Miorandi D and Yamamoto L Evolutionary and embryogenic approaches to autonomic systems Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, (1-12)
- Poli R, McPhee N and Vanneschi L Elitism reduces bloat in genetic programming Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1343-1344)
- Weise T, Niemczyk S, Skubch H, Reichle R and Geihs K A tunable model for multi-objective, epistatic, rugged, and neutral fitness landscapes Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (795-802)
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- Poli R, McPhee N and Vanneschi L The impact of population size on code growth in GP Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1275-1282)
- Poli R and McPhee N Parsimony pressure made easy Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1267-1274)
- Lichodzijewski P and Heywood M GP classifier problem decomposition using first-price and second-price auctions Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Genetic programming, (137-147)
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- Looks M On the behavioral diversity of random programs Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1636-1642)
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- Looks M Scalable estimation-of-distribution program evolution Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (539-546)
- Lichodzijewski P and Heywood M Pareto-coevolutionary genetic programming for problem decomposition in multi-class classification Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (464-471)
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- Langdon W and Poli R The halting probability in von neumann architectures Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Genetic Programming, (225-237)
- Vanneschi L, Tomassini M, Collard P and Vérel S Negative slope coefficient Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Genetic Programming, (178-189)
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- Vanneschi L, Pirola Y and Collard P A quantitative study of neutrality in GP boolean landscapes Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (895-902)
- Schmitt L and Droste S Convergence to global optima for genetic programming systems with dynamically scaled operators Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (879-886)
- McConaghy T and Gielen G Canonical form functions as a simple means for genetic programming to evolve human-interpretable functions Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (855-862)
- Hoang T, Hoai N, Hien N, McKay R and Essam D ORDERTREE Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (807-814)
- Tomassini M, Vanneschi L, Collard P and Clergue M (2005). A Study of Fitness Distance Correlation as a Difficulty Measure in Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Computation, 13:2, (213-239), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2005.
- Li G, Lee K and Leung K Evolve schema directly using instruction matrix based genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (271-280)
- Wilson G and Heywood M Context-Based repeated sequences in linear genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (240-249)
- Langdon W and Banzhaf W Repeated patterns in tree genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (190-202)
- Bowers R and Sevinç E Preserving variability in sexual multi-agent systems with diploidy and dominance Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Engineering Societies in the Agents World, (184-202)
- Stephens C, Zamora A and Wright A Perturbation theory and the renormalization group in genetic dynamics Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, (192-214)
- Zhang B, Chen Y, Fan W, Fox E, Gonçalves M, Cristo M and Calado P Intelligent GP fusion from multiple sources for text classification Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, (477-484)
- Bassett J, Potter M and De Jong K Applying price's equation to survival selection Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1371-1378)
- McPhee N and Crane E A theoretical analysis of the HIFF problem Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (1153-1160)
- Poli R, Di Chio C and Langdon W Exploring extended particle swarms Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, (169-176)
- Daida J, Hilss A, Ward D and Long S (2005). Visualizing Tree Structures in Genetic Programming, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6:1, (79-110), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2005.
- Robilliard D, Mahler S, Verhaghe D and Fonlupt C Santa fe trail hazards Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial Evolution, (1-12)
- Gustafson S, Burke E and Krasnogor N The tree-string problem Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (215-226)
- Rochat D, Tomassini M and Vanneschi L Dynamic size populations in distributed genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (50-61)
- Poli R, Langdon W and Holland O Extending particle swarm optimisation via genetic programming Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming, (291-300)
- Mattiussi C, Waibel M and Floreano D (2004). Measures of Diversity for Populations and Distances Between Individuals with Highly Reorganizable Genomes, Evolutionary Computation, 12:4, (495-515), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2004.
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- Fan W, Luo M, Wang L, Xi W and Fox E Tuning before feedback Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, (138-145)
- Fan W, Gordon M and Pathak P (2004). Discovery of Context-Specific Ranking Functions for Effective Information Retrieval Using Genetic Programming, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16:4, (523-527), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2004.
- Gustafson S, Ekárt A, Burke E and Kendall G (2004). Problem Difficulty and Code Growth in Genetic Programming, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 5:3, (271-290), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2004.
- Poli R, McPhee N and Rowe J (2004). Exact Schema Theory and Markov Chain Models for Genetic Programming and Variable-length Genetic Algorithms with Homologous Crossover, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 5:1, (31-70), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2004.
- Langdon W Convergence of program fitness landscapes Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII, (1702-1714)
- Daida J and Hilss A Identifying structural mechanisms in standard genetic programming Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII, (1639-1651)
- Koza J Human-competitive applications of genetic programming Advances in evolutionary computing, (663-682)
- Stephens C and Zamora A EC theory Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII, (1394-1405)
- Poli R and McPhee N (2003). General schema theory for genetic programming with subtree-swapping crossover: Part II, Evolutionary Computation, 11:2, (169-206), Online publication date: 1-May-2003.
- Poli R and McPhee N (2003). General schema theory for genetic programming with subtree-swapping crossover, Evolutionary Computation, 11:1, (53-66), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2003.
- Streeter M The root causes of code growth in genetic programming Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Genetic programming, (443-454)
- Woodward J Modularity in genetic programming Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Genetic programming, (254-263)
- Poli R and Cagnoni S (2003). Editorial, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2003, (733-739), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2003.
- De Jong E and Pollack J (2003). Multi-Objective Methods for Tree Size Control, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 4:3, (211-233), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2003.
- Fernández F, Tomassini M and Vanneschi L (2003). An Empirical Study of Multipopulation Genetic Programming, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 4:1, (21-51), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2003.
- Daida J, Li H, Tang R and Hilss A What makes a problem GP-hard? validating a hypothesis of structural causes Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII, (1665-1677)
- Daida J, Hilss A, Ward D and Long S Visualizing tree structures in genetic programming Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII, (1652-1664)
- Poli R A simple but theoretically-motivated method to control bloat in genetic programming Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Genetic programming, (204-217)
- Banzhaf W and Langdon W (2002). Some Considerations on the Reason for Bloat, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 3:1, (81-91), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2002.
- Kattan A, Doctor F and Arif M Two Brains Guided Interactive Evolution 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, (3203-3208)
Index Terms
- Foundations of genetic programming
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Reviews
Ralph Walter Wilkerson
Genetic programming is a generalization of the methodologies of genetic algorithms that have been used for years to solve difficult search problems. This book takes that approach, bringing together in one source the theoretical results that allow evolutionary techniques to create programs to solve such problems. The book is for the most part self-contained, including two chapters of basic background on search and how to analyze populations of programs. These chapters are followed by coverage of schema theories with theorems and applications, as well as detailed discussions of effective fitness of genetic algorithms and programs. Following this are chapters that investigate both experimentally and theoretically the space and size of genetic programs. Finally, two examples are studied in detail: the “Artificial Ant” problem and the “Max” problem. All in all, this is a well-written book with substantial material that will be of interest to both theoreticians and researchers who are developing applied genetic programs. Online Computing Reviews Service
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