- Author:
- Douglas S. J. De Couto,
- Supervisor:
- Robert T. Morris
The expected transmission count (ETX) metric is a new route metric for finding high-throughput paths in multi-hop wireless networks. The ETX of a path is the expected total number of packet transmissions (including retransmissions) required to successfully deliver a packet along that path. For practical networks, paths with the minimum ETX have the highest throughput. The ETX metric incorporates the effects of link loss ratios, asymmetry in the loss ratios between the two directions of each link, and interference among the successive links of a path. Busy networks that use the ETX route metric will also maximize total network throughput.
We describe the design and implementation of ETX as a metric for the DSDV and DSR routing protocols, as well as modifications to DSDV and DSR which make them work well with ETX. Measurements taken from a 29-node 802.11b test-bed show that using ETX improves performance significantly over the widely-used minimum hop-count metric. For long paths the throughput increase is often a factor of two or more, suggesting that ETX will become more useful as networks grow larger and paths become longer.
We also present a simple model for predicting how packet delivery ratio varies with packet size, and detailed measurements which characterize the test-bed's distribution of link delivery ratios and route throughputs. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Cited By
- Fabian P, Rachedi A, Gueguen C and Lohier S Fuzzy-Based Objective Function for Routing Protocol in the Internet of Things 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), (1-6)
- Regis P and Sengupta S Distributed split-path routing strategy for multi-hop mesh networks MILCOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), (575-580)
Chen L, Wu F, Xu J, Srinivasan K and Shroff N BiPass Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, (114-126)- Chandrasekaran K, Sarwesh P and Shet N (2017). Effective Integration of Reliable Routing Mechanism and Energy Efficient Node Placement Technique for Low Power IoT Networks, International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing, 9:4, (16-35), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017.
- Afzal S, Nabi M, Stuijk S and Basten T Improving end-to-end packet delivery in high traffic multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, (39-46)
- Chen C, Won M, Stoleru R and Xie G Energy-efficient fault-tolerant data storage & processing in dynamic networks Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, (281-286)
- Plymoth A, Johansson P, Cruz R, Chipara O and Griswold W (2013). GRAPEVINE, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 17:1, (61-70), Online publication date: 12-Jul-2013.
- Valdés L, Ariza A, Allende S, Parada R and Joya G Study of alternative strategies to selection of peer in P2P wireless mesh networks Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks: advances in computational intelligence - Volume Part I, (124-132)
- Nilsson Plymoth A, Johansson P, Cruz R, Chipara O and Griswold W GRAPEVINE Proceedings of the first ACM international workshop on Practical issues and applications in next generation wireless networks, (13-20)
- Watteyne T, Mehta A and Pister K Reliability through frequency diversity Proceedings of the 6th ACM symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks, (116-123)
- Pirzada A, Wishart R, Portmann M and Indulska J ALARM Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Australasian Conference on Computer Science - Volume 91, (37-46)
- Ni X, Lan K and Malaney R On the performance of expected transmission count (ETX) for wireless mesh networks Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, (1-10)
Index Terms
- High-throughput routing for multi-hop wireless networks
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