Irma van der Ploeg
- 1. The research for this paper has been made possible by a grant from the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). I wish to thank Jeroen van den Hoven, Jos de Mul and Deborah Johnson for their encouragements and useful suggestions.Google Scholar
- 2. Biometrics in Human Services, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1997, p. 3.Google Scholar
- 3. Biometrics in Human Services, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998, p. 10.Google Scholar
- 4. Ibidem, p. 12.Google Scholar
- 5. Biometrics in Human Services, Vol. 1, No. 6, p. 2.Google Scholar
- 6. Roger Clarke (1994) Human Identification in Information Systems: Management Challenges and Public Policy Issues. Information Technology and People, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 6-37.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 7. Ibidem, p. 16.Google Scholar
- 8. ABC News, jan 15, 1998, quoted in Biometrics in Human Services, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 14.Google Scholar
- 9. Biometrics in Human Services Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 15.Google Scholar
- 10. Robert Van Kralingen, Corien Prins, Jan Grijpink (1997) Het lichaam als sleutel. Juridische beschouwingen over biometrie {The body as key. Legal aspects of biometrics}, Samsom Bedrijfsinformatie, Alphen aan den Rijn/Diegem. pp. 3-66, specifically p. 9 (see for a version in English http:\\ www.consortium.org)Google Scholar
- 11. Marya Schechtman (1990) Personhood and Personal Identity. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 71-92.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 12. GeorgeTomko (1998) Biometrics as a Privacy-Enhancing Technology: Friend or Foe of Privacy? Paper presented at the Privacy Laws & Business 9th Privacy Commissioners' / Data Protection Authorities Workshop, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.Google Scholar
- 13. Schechtman (1990) p. 71.Google Scholar
- 14. Important work in this area, though not discussed in this paper, is done by Donna Haraway and by Katherine Hayles.Google Scholar
- 15. Sherry Turkle (1984) The Second Self Computers and the Human Spirit Simon and Schuster, New York; (1995) Life on the Screen. Identity in the Age of Internet. Simon and Schuster, New York.Google Scholar
- 16. Raymond Barglow (1994) The Crisis of the Self in the Age of Information. Computers, Dolphins and Dreams. Routledge, London/New York, p. 73-4. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 17. Robyn Brothers (1997) Cyborg Identities and the Relational Web: Recasting 'Narrative Identity' in Moral and Political Theory. Metaphilosophy Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 249- 258; specifically p. 255-6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 18. Mark Poster (1990) The Mode of Information. Poststructuralism and Social Context Polity Press, Cambridge, UK.; (1995) Postmodern virtualities. In: Mike Featherstone and Roger Burrows (eds.) Cyberspace, Cyberbodies, Cyberpunk. Cultures of Technological Embodiment. Sage, London, pp. 79-95, specifically p. 79.Google Scholar
- 19. Ibidem, p. 80.Google Scholar
- 20. This refers to the ideas of "transhumanists" like Marvin Minsky, Hans Moravec and their followers.Google Scholar
- 21. Roger Clarke (1994) The Digital Persona and Its Application to Data Surveillance. The Information Society, Vol. 10, pp. 77-92.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 22. Michael N. Castle (Chair) (1998), Hearing on Biometrics and the Future of Money, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Washington, May 20, p. 104.Google Scholar
- 23. Two excellent studies on this subject are: Londa Schiebinger (1993) Nature's Body. Gender in the Making of Modern Science. Beacon Press, Boston and Thomas Lacqueur (1990) Making Sex. Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Harvard U.P., Cambridge Mass./London.Google Scholar
- 24. Michael N. Castle (Chair) (1998), Hearing on Biometrics and the Future of Money, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Washington, May 20, p. 47.Google Scholar
- 25. Ibidem, p. 49.Google Scholar
- 26. Biometrics in Human Services, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1998, p. 11.Google Scholar
- 27. Michael N. Castle (Chair) (1998), Hearing on Biometrics and the Future of Money, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Washington, May 20, p. 80.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Written on the body: biometrics and identity
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