ABSTRACT
Researchers are increasingly exploring interactive technology supporting human-system partnership in an exertion context, such as cycling. So far, most investigations have supported the rider cognitively, by the system "sensing and presenting" information to assist the rider to make informed decisions. In contrast, we propose systems that promote user-system co-operation, by "sensing and acting" on information to assist the rider, not only "cognitively" but also "physically", with the aim of facilitating user-system co-operation in an exertion context. Our prototype, "Ari", is a novel augmented eBike designed to facilitate user-system co-operation, where the information that each party can sense is used in regulating the speed to cross all traffic lights on green. A study with 20 bike riders resulted in five themes and six design tactics to further the design of interactive systems at the intersection of human-computer integration in an exertion context, thereby facilitating user-system co-operation to augment the exertion experience.
Supplemental Material
- Julio Abascal and Colette Nicolle. Moving Towards Inclusive Design Guidelines for Socially and Ethically Aware HCI. Interacting with computers 17, 5 (2005), 484--505 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Josh Andres, Julian de Hoog and Florian Mueller. "I Had Super-Powers When Ebike Riding" Towards Understanding the Design of Integrated Exertion. Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (2018). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Josh Andres, Julian de Hoog, Jürg von Känel, Julian Berk, Bach Le, Xizi Wang, Marcus Brazil and Florian Mueller. 2016. Exploring Human: Ebike Interaction to Support Rider Autonomy. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts. ACM, 85--92. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Giancarlo Bacchieri, Aluísio JD Barros, Janaina V Dos Santos and Denise P Gigante. Cycling to Work in Brazil: Users Profile, Risk Behaviors, and Traffic Accident Occurrence. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42, 4 (2010), 1025--1030.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cobi Bike. 2018. Cobi Bike. https://cobi.bike/product.Google Scholar
- Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77--101.Google Scholar
- Tadej Brezina and Bernd Hildebrandt. 2013. Where Do Cyclists Run Red Lights? An Investigation into Infrastructural Circumstances. In Proceedings of ICTTE-International Conference on Traffic and Transport Engineering, COKORILO, O.(Ed.) Beograd, Srbija: City Net Scientific Research Center Ltd., Beograd. 109--114.Google Scholar
- Andrew J Cowell and Kay M Stanney. 2003. Embodiment and Interaction Guidelines for Designing Credible, Trustworthy Embodied Conversational Agents. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Springer, 301--309.Google ScholarCross Ref
- CycleLabs. 2015. Smarthalo. https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1106460188/smarthalo-turn-your-bike-into-a-smart-bike/description.Google Scholar
- Alexandru Dancu, Velko Vechev, Adviye Ay, Simon Nilson, Oscar Nygren, Simon Eliasson, Jean-Elie Barjonet, Joe Marshall and Morten Fjeld. 2015. Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Interactive Tabletops & Surfaces. ACM, 2817748, 151--159.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Daniel H De La Iglesia, Juan F De Paz, Gabriel Villarrubia González, Alberto L Barriuso, Javier Bajo and Juan M Corchado. Increasing the Intensity over Time of an Electric-Assist Bike Based on the User and Route: The Bike Becomes the Gym. Sensors 18, 1 (2018), 220.Google Scholar
- Digitsole. 2018. Digitsole AI Powered Insoles for Cyling. https://www.digitsole.com/connected-insoles-cycling-run-profiler-cycling/.Google Scholar
- Anne Donnellon, Barbara Gray and Michel G Bougon. Communication, Meaning, and Organized Action. Administrative Science Quarterly (1986), 43--55.Google Scholar
- Jim E Doran, SRJN Franklin, Nicholas R Jennings and Timothy J Norman. On Cooperation in Multi-Agent Systems. The Knowledge Engineering Review 12, 3 (1997), 309--314. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Umer Farooq and Jonathan Grudin. Human-Computer Integration. Interactions 23, 6 (2016), 26--32. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Umer Farooq and Jonathan T. Grudin. 2017. Paradigm Shift from Human Computer Interaction to Integration. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 3049285, 1360--1363.Google Scholar
- Elliot Fishman and Christopher Cherry. E-Bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research. Transport Reviews 36, 1 (2016), 72--91.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Richard Byrne Florian Mueller, Josh Andres, Rakesh Patibanda. 2018. Experiencing the Body as Play. In Proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Akiko Fujise. 2018. Investigation of Practical Compensation Method for Bone Conduction Headphones with a Focus on Spatialization. In Proceedings of Audio Engineering Society Conference: 2018 AES International Conference on Spatial Reproduction-Aesthetics and Science. Audio Engineering Society.Google Scholar
- Alberto Gallace and Charles Spence. The Cognitive and Neural Correlates of Tactile Memory. Psychological bulletin 135, 3 (2009), 380.Google Scholar
- Kathrin M Gerling, Conor Linehan, Ben Kirman, Michael R Kalyn, Adam B Evans and Kieran C Hicks. Creating Wheelchair-Controlled Video Games: Challenges and Opportunities When Involving Young People with Mobility Impairments and Game Design Experts. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 94 (2016), 64--73. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Martine Hausberger, Hélène Roche, Séverine Henry and E Kathalijne Visser. A Review of the Human-Horse Relationship. Applied animal behaviour science 109, 1 (2008), 1--24.Google Scholar
- Chandrika Jayant, Christine Acuario, William Johnson, Janet Hollier and Richard Ladner. 2010. V-Braille: Haptic Braille Perception Using a Touch-Screen and Vibration on Mobile Phones. In Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility. ACM, 295--296. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M Johnson and G Rose. Report on Safety Implications of E-Bikes. 2015. Victoria, Australia: Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV).Google Scholar
- Marilyn Johnson, Judith Charlton, Jennifer Oxley and Stuart Newstead. Why Do Cyclists Infringe at Red Lights? An Investigation of Australian Cyclists' Reasons for Red Light Infringement. Journal of Accident Analysis & Prevention 50 (2013), 840--847.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paul G Keil. Human-Sheepdog Distributed Cognitive Systems: An Analysis of Interspecies Cognitive Scaffolding in a Sheepdog Trial. Journal of Cognition and Culture 15, 5 (2015), 508--529.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Brian Casey Langford, Jiaoli Chen and Christopher R Cherry. Risky Riding: Naturalistic Methods Comparing Safety Behavior from Conventional Bicycle Riders and Electric Bike Riders. Accident Analysis & Prevention 82 (2015), 220--226.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SpeedX Leopard. 2016. Speedx Aero Leopard. https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/speedx/speedx-leopard-the-first-ever-smart-aero-road-bike?ref=most_funded.Google Scholar
- PR Lowrie. Scats, Sydney Co-Ordinated Adaptive Traffic System: A Traffic Responsive Method of Controlling Urban Traffic (1990).Google Scholar
- Joe Marshall, Alexandru Dancu and Florian Floyd Mueller. 2016. Interaction in Motion: Designing Truly Mobile Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. ACM, 215--228. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K McAuliffe and A Thornton. The Psychology of Cooperation in Animals: An Ecological Approach. Journal of Zoology 295, 1 (2015), 23--35.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Katina Michael. Science Fiction Is Full of Bots That Hurt People:... But These Bots Are Here Now. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 5, 4 (2016), 112--117.Google Scholar
- Falco Motors. 2014. Falco Electric Wheel Heartbeat. https://www.fastcompany.com/3035452/this-electric-bike-is-controlled-by-your-heartbeat-for-the-perfect-workout.Google Scholar
- Prakash Murugesan, Norman J Weigert, Mark A Manickaraj and Jarvis Chau. 2017. Automated E-Assist Adjustment to Prevent User Perspiration. https://patents.google.com/patent/US9828060B2/en.Google Scholar
- Sz Naderi, Ádam Miklósi, Antal Dóka and Vilmos Csányi. Co-Operative Interactions between Blind Persons and Their Dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 74, 1 (2001), 59--80.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Donald A Norman. The "Problem'with Automation: Inappropriate Feedback and Interaction, Not "over-Automation'. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 327, 1241 (1990), 585--593.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Marianna Obrist, Sue Ann Seah and Sriram Subramanian. 2013. Talking About Tactile Experiences. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1659--1668. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mariella Pazzaglia and Marco Molinari. The Embodiment of Assistive Devices-from Wheelchair to Exoskeleton. Physics of life reviews 16 (2016), 163--175.Google Scholar
- Tibor Petzoldt, Katja Schleinitz, Sarah Heilmann and Tina Gehlert. Traffic Conflicts and Their Contextual Factors When Riding Conventional Vs. Electric Bicycles. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 46 (2017), 477--490.Google Scholar
- Paul A Plazier, Gerd Weitkamp and Agnes E van den Berg. "Cycling Was Never So Easy!" an Analysis of E-Bike Commuters' Motives, Travel Behaviour and Experiences Using Gps-Tracking and Interviews. Journal of transport geography 65 (2017), 25--34.Google Scholar
- IBM Research. Trusting AI - The new frontiers of AI, Selected IBM Research AI publications from 2018. https://www.research.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence/publications/2018/trusting-ai/Google Scholar
- Duncan Rowland, Martin Flintham, Leif Oppermann, Joe Marshall, Alan Chamberlain, Boriana Koleva, Steve Benford and Citlali Perez. 2009. Ubikequitous Computing: Designing Interactive Experiences for Cyclists. In Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. ACM, 1613886, 1--11. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Esther Salmeron-Manzano and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends. Energies 11, 7 (2018), 1894.Google Scholar
- Iulian Vlad Serban, Alessandro Sordoni, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron C Courville and Joelle Pineau. 2016. Building End-to-End Dialogue Systems Using Generative Hierarchical Neural Network Models. In Proceedings of AAAI. arXiv:1507.04808. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Keng Siau and Weiyu Wang. Building Trust in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal 31, 2 (2018), 47--53.Google Scholar
- Superhuman Sports. 2018. "Super Sports" Re-Invent Sports with Modern Technology. https://superhuman-sports.org/.Google Scholar
- Shaun Sweeney, Rodrigo Ordonez-Hurtado, Francesco Pilla, Giovanni Russo, David Timoney and Robert Shorten. Cyberphysics, Pollution Mitigation, and Pedelecs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.00646 (2017).Google Scholar
- P Vermesch. L'entretien D'explicitation En Formation Initiale Et En Formation Continue. Collection pédagogies. ESF éditeur (1994).Google Scholar
- Liam Richard West. Strava: Challenge Yourself to Greater Heights in Physical Activity/Cycling and Running. British journal of sports medicine 49, 15 (2015), 1024--1024.Google Scholar
- Jason Wuertz, Sultan A Alharthi, William A Hamilton, Scott Bateman, Carl Gutwin, Anthony Tang, Zachary Toups and Jessica Hammer. 2018. A Design Framework for Awareness Cues in Distributed Multiplayer Games. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 243. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hongtai Yang, Xiaohan Liu, Fan Su, Christopher Cherry, Yugang Liu and Yanlai Li. Predicting E-Bike Users' Intention to Run the Red Light: An Application and Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 58 (2018), 282--291.Google Scholar
- Yiqi Zhang and Changxu Wu. The Effects of Sunshields on Red Light Running Behavior of Cyclists and Electric Bike Riders. Accident Analysis & Prevention 52 (2013), 210--218.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- "Co-riding With My eBike to Get Green Lights"
Recommendations
"I had super-powers when eBike riding" Towards Understanding the Design of Integrated Exertion
CHI PLAY '18: Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in PlayThe intersection of the physically active human body and technology to support it is in the limelight in HCI. Prior work mostly supports exertion by offering sensed digital information about the exertion activity. We focus on supporting exertion during ...
Reducing Virtual Reality Sickness for Cyclists in VR Bicycle Simulators
CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsVirtual Reality (VR) bicycle simulations aim to recreate the feeling of riding a bicycle and are commonly used in many application areas. However, current solutions still create mismatches between the visuals and physical movement, which causes VR ...
Deriving Pattern in Driver's Observability in Road Turns & Traffic Lights: Eye-Tracking based Analysis
C3VP '18: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Communication and Computing in Connected Vehicles and PlatooningAs one move towards driverless cars, there will always be a big worry of how autonomous cars would behave in the presence of vehicles driven by humans. In the co-existence model, it is essential for autonomous systems to 'understand' the behavior and ...
Comments