skip to main content
10.1145/3097286.3097323acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessmsocietyConference Proceedingsconference-collections
short-paper

Super Bowl Live Tweets: The Usage of Social Media during a Sporting Event

Authors Info & Claims
Published:28 July 2017Publication History

ABSTRACT

The development and popularity of social networking sites (SNS) and technology have changed audiences' media consumption patterns, particularly TV viewing. TV audiences share their viewing experiences real-time through computer-mediated communication, which creates a pseudo-communal viewing experience. Typically, social media is well known for assisting this new form of TV viewing practice. There is an emerging body of literature on what types of messages people share with others while they are watching TV and how those messages and conversations are related to the context of the program they are watching. However, little research has been conducted on social media behavior while watching sports games. Therefore, this study plans to analyze the viewer's social TV behaviors and engagement during a Super Bowl game and further compare whether the "coverage of conversations" is related to the nature of the game.

References

  1. Newcomb, H. M., and Hirsch, P. M. 1985. Television as a cultural form: Implications for research. Mass Communication Review Yearbook 5, 275--290.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Wohn, D. Y., and Na, E. 2011. Tweeting about TV: Sharing television viewing experiences via social media message streams. First Monday 16, 3 (Mar. 2011), 1--14.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Buschow, C., Schneider B., and Ueberheide, S. 2014. Tweeting television: exploring communication activities on Twitter while watching TV. Communications-The European Journal of Communication Research 39, 2, 129--149Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. Atkinson, C. 2010. The Backchannel: How Audiences Are Using Twitter and Social Media and Changing Presentations Forever. New Riders.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Doughty, M., Rowland, D., and Lawson S. 2011. Co-viewing live TV with digital backchannel streams. In Proceedings of the 9th International Interactive Conference on Interactive Television (Lisbon, Portugal, June 29-July 01, 2011). EuroITV'11. ACM, 141--144. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Schirra, S., Sun, H., Bentley, F. 2014. Together alone: motivations for live-tweeting a television series. In Proceedings of the 32th Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Canada, April 26-May 01, 2014). CHI'14. ACM, 2441--2450. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Bruns, A., and Stieglitz, S. 2013. Towards more systematic Twitter analysis: metrics for tweeting activities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 16, 2, 91--108.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Ferguson, D. A., and Perse, M. 2000. The World Wide Web as a functional alternative to television. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 44, 2, 155--174.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Lin, C. A. 2006. Technology fluidity and on-demand webcasting adoption. Telematics and Informatics 25, 2, 84--98. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Papacharissi, Z., and Rubin, A. M. 2000. Predictors of Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 44, 2, 175--196.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Advertising Age. 2016. Marketing fact pack. Retrieved from http://adage.com/d/resources/resources/whitepaper/2016-edition-marketing-fact-packGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Miller, R., and Washington, K. 2013. Consumer use of media & the Internet. Entertainment, Media & Advertising Market Research Handbook Issue 13, 21--28.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Baran, S. J., and Davis, D. K. 2011. Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Tan, S. S. 1985. Mass Communication: Theories and Research. Macmillan, New York, NY.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Ko, H., Cho, C., and Roberts, M. S. 2005. Internet uses and gratifications: a structural equation model of interactive advertising. Journal of Advertising 24, 2, 57--70.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Roy, S. K. 2009. Internet uses and gratifications: A survey in the Indian context. Computers in Human Behaviour 25, 4, 878--886. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Hollenbaugh, E. E. 2010. Personal journal bloggers: profiles of disclosiveness. Computers in Human Behaviour 26, 6, 1657--1666. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Kaye, B. K. 2007. Blog use motivations: an exploratory Study. In Blogging, Citizenship, and the Future of Media, M. Tremayne, Ed. Routledge. New York, NY, 127--148.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Chen, G. M. 2011. Tweet this: A uses and gratifications perspective on how active Twitter use gratifies a need to connect with others. Computers in Human Behaviour 27, 2, 755--762. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Muntinga, D. G., Moorman, M., and Smit E. G. 2011. Introducing COBRAs: Exploring motivations for brand-related social media use. International Journal of Advertising 30, 1, 13--46.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. Stafford, T. F., Stafford, M. R., and Schkade, L. 2004. Determining uses and gratifications for the Internet. Decision Sciences 35, 2, 259--288.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Shao, G. 2009. Understanding the appeal of user-generated media: a uses and gratification perspective. Internet Research 19, 1, 7--25.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. Joinson, A.N. 2008. 'Looking at', 'looking up' or 'keeping up with' people? Motives and uses of Facebook. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy, April 05-10, 2008), CHI'08. ACM, 1027--1036 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Ives N. 2013. Super Bowl ratings decline. Advertising Age. Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/special-report-super-bowl/super-bowl-ratings-decline-year/239592/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Steinberg B. 2013. CBS claims record Super Bowl ratings in early tally. Advertising Age, http://adage.com/article/special-report-super-bowl/cbs-claims-super-bowl-ratings-victory-early-tally/239578/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Byun, C., Lee, H., and Kim, Y. 2012. Automated Twitter data collecting tool for data mining in social network. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (Bali, Indonesia, December 3-5, 2012). iiWAS'12. ACM. 196--204. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Lee, H., Han, Y., Kim, K. K., and Kim, Y. 2014. Sports and social media: Twitter usage patterns during the 2013 Super Bowl broadcast. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design (Istanbul, Turkey, April 24-26, 2014). ICCMTD'14. 250--25Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Super Bowl Live Tweets: The Usage of Social Media during a Sporting Event

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      #SMSociety17: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society
      July 2017
      414 pages
      ISBN:9781450348478
      DOI:10.1145/3097286

      Copyright © 2017 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 28 July 2017

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • short-paper
      • Research
      • Refereed limited

      Acceptance Rates

      #SMSociety17 Paper Acceptance Rate58of142submissions,41%Overall Acceptance Rate78of189submissions,41%

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader