ABSTRACT
Interactive surfaces could be employed in urban environments to make people more aware of moving vehicles, showing drivers' intentions and the subsequent position of vehicles. To explore the usage of projections while cycling, we created a system that displays a map for navigation and signals cyclist intention. The first experiment compared the task of map navigation on a display projected on a road surface in front of the bicycle with a head-up display (HUD) consisting of a projection on a windshield. The HUD system was considered safer and easier to use. In our second experiment, we used projected surfaces to implement concepts inspired by Gibson's perception theory of driving that were combined with detection of conventional cycling gestures to signal and visualize turning intention. The comparison of our system with an off-the-shelf turn signal system showed that gesture input was easier to use. A web-based follow-up study based on the recording of the two signalling systems from the perspective of participants in traffic showed that with the gesture-projector system it was easier to understand and predict the cyclist intention.
Supplemental Material
- Roney, J. M., Earth Policy Institue. Bicycle production. http://www.earth-policy.org/indicators/C48 (2008).Google Scholar
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) . Vienna convention on road traffic (with amendment 1), article 14, paragraph 3 (1968).Google Scholar
- Bolstad, C. A., Cuevas, H. M., Wang-Costello, J., Endsley, M. R., and Angell, L. S. Measurement of situation awareness for automobile technologies of the future.Google Scholar
- Brooke, E. Blaze bike light. www.kickstarter.com/ projects/embrooke/blaze-bike-light (2011).Google Scholar
- Brown, B., and Laurier, E. The normal natural troubles of driving with gps. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM (2012), 1621--1630. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bycyklen. Copenhagen city bike. http://bycyklen.dk/en/ (2014).Google Scholar
- 7. Carey, S. Cognitive science and science education. American Psychologist 41, 10 (1986), 1123.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Centre for Research and Contract Standardisation in Civil and Traffic Engineering, Netherlands. Design manual for bicycle traffic.Google Scholar
- Christmas, S., Helman, S., Buttress, S., Newman, C., and Hutchins, R. Cycling, safety and sharing the road: Qualitative research with cyclists and other road users. Dept. for Transport: London, 2010.Google Scholar
- Chuang, K.-H., Hsu, C.-C., Lai, C.-H., Doong, J.-L., and Jeng, M.-C. The use of a quasi-naturalistic riding method to investigate bicyclists behaviors when motorists pass. Accident Analysis & Prevention 56 (2013), 32--41.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dancu, A., Franjcic, Z., and Fjeld, M. Smart flashlight: map navigation using a bike-mounted projector. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM (2014), 3627--3630. Google ScholarDigital Library
- de Waard, D., Schepers, P., Ormel, W., and Brookhuis, K. Mobile phone use while cycling: Incidence and effects on behaviour and safety. Ergonomics 53, 1 (2010), 30--42.Google ScholarCross Ref
- European Commission. Updated european statement of principles on human machine interface for in-vehicle information and communication systems. In Official Journal of the European Union. - Brussel (2006).Google Scholar
- Gibson, J. J., and Crooks, L. E. A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving. The American journal of psychology (1938), 453--471.Google Scholar
- Hagel, B. E., Lamy, A., Rizkallah, J. W., Belton, K. L., Jhangri, G. S., Cherry, N., and Rowe, B. H. The prevalence and reliability of visibility aid and other risk factor data for uninjured cyclists and pedestrians in edmonton, alberta, canada. Accident Analysis & Prevention 39, 2 (2007), 284--289.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jaermark, S., Gregersen, N., and Linderoth, B. The use of bicycle lights. Stockholm: Transportfroskningsberedningen (1991).Google Scholar
- Jaguar. Virtual windscreen concept. https://youtu.be/FeK9IkSD_nI (2014).Google Scholar
- Ji, S., Cherry, C. R., J. Bechle, M., Wu, Y., and Marshall, J. D. Electric vehicles in china: emissions and health impacts. Environmental science & technology 46, 4 (2012), 2018--2024.Google Scholar
- Kwan, I., and Mapstone, J. Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accident Analysis & Prevention 36, 3 (2004), 305--312.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 20. Marshall, J., and Tennent, P. Mobile interaction does not exist. In CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA '13, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2013), 2069--2078. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Matthews, M. D., and Beal, S. A. Assessing situation awareness in field training exercises. Tech. rep., DTIC Document, 2002.Google Scholar
- Morgan, P., Wattrus, L., and Beemsingh, R. Hammerhead bike navigation. www.dragoninnovation.com/projects/23-hammerhead (2014).Google Scholar
- Norman, D. A. The design of everyday things. Basic books, 2013.Google Scholar
- Parkin, J., and Meyers, C. The effect of cycle lanes on the proximity between motor traffic and cycle traffic. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42, 1 (2010), 159--165.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 25. Pielot, M., Poppinga, B., Heuten, W., and Boll, S. Tacticycle: Supporting exploratory bicycle trips. In Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services, ACM (2012), 369--378. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pucher, J., and Buehler, R. City cycling. MIT Press, 2012.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Reddy, S., Shilton, K., Denisov, G., Cenizal, C., Estrin, D., and Srivastava, M. Biketastic: sensing and mapping for better biking. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM (2010), 1817--1820. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Reeves, S., Benford, S., O'Malley, C., and Fraser, M. Designing the spectator experience. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM (2005), 741--750. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rowland, D., Flintham, M., Oppermann, L., Marshall, J., Chamberlain, A., Koleva, B., Benford, S., and Perez, C. Ubikequitous computing: designing interactive experiences for cyclists. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, ACM (2009), 21. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Saffer, D. Designing gestural interfaces: Touchscreens and interactive devices. -- O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thornley, S., Woodward, A., Langley, J. D., Ameratunga, S. N., and Rodgers, A. Conspicuity and bicycle crashes: preliminary findings of the taupo bicycle study. Injury Prevention 14, 1 (2008), 11--18.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vorhies, Z. Zackees turn signal gloves. www.kickstarter.com/projects/zackees/ zackees-turn-signal-gloves (2014).Google Scholar
- Walker, I., Garrard, I., and Jowitt, F. The influence of a bicycle commuter's appearance on drivers overtaking proximities: an on-road test of bicyclist stereotypes, high-visibility clothing and safety aids in the united kingdom. Accident Analysis & Prevention 64 (2014), 69--77.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Walmink, W., Chatham, A., and Mueller, F. Interaction opportunities around helmet design. In CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA '14, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2014), 367--370. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Walmink, W., Wilde, D., and Mueller, F. F. Displaying heart rate data on a bicycle helmet to support social exertion experiences. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, TEI '14, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2013), 97--104. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wickens, C. D. Oxford handbooks online. attention.Google Scholar
- Wilson, S. Bicycle technology. Scientific American 228, 3 (1973).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Xfire. Bike lane safety light. http://thexfire.com/products-page/ lighting-system/bike-lane-safety-light (2011).Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling
Recommendations
Bike Swarm
CSCW '19 Companion: Companion Publication of the 2019 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social ComputingUrban cycling is often a solitary pursuit, as many cities do not provide infrastructure to facilitate social cycling, such as protected bike lanes. Negotiating congested streets can be stressful, even under the best conditions. The challenges of ...
Bicycle Traffic Organization and Treatment at Signalized Intersection
ICICTA '09: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation - Volume 03Collisions between bicycles and motor vehicles have caused severe life and property losses in our country. The majority of bicycle–motor vehicle accidents occur at intersections. In order to reduce the number of bicycle–motor vehicle accidents at ...
Gear Up for Safety:Development and Evaluation of an Assisted Bicycle
AutomotiveUI '21 Adjunct: 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular ApplicationsAlthough cycling is a promising transport modality for the future, cyclists could not substantially benefit from the safety gain in the last decades. To improve cycling safety and convenience, as well as extending the user base, we proposed to develop ...
Comments