ABSTRACT
As local transportation systems are facing enormous challenges in consequence of extensive urban growth, technological advancements are creating unprecedented opportunities as the Internet is extending into the real world, connecting physical items to the virtual world and creating an Internet of Things (IoT). While many activities are exploring corresponding applications, e.g. connecting bicycles to the Internet, widespread economic success of a truly connected device is still outstanding. Focusing on electric bicycles (e-bikes), this study investigates challenges and requirements of an IoT implementation based on GPS trackers from a technological as well as consumer perspective. The results of a four-month field study suggest a high interest of users in data from a connected e-bike but also indicate that technological restrictions still exist e.g. concerning the completeness of collected data. Also, such limitations appear to become further accentuated in view of high user expectations towards the accuracy and visualization of data, pointing to tradeoffs, which may have to be made in the design of IoT implementations between the completeness and convenience of data collection as well as the energy consumption of a sensor and the attractiveness of use cases to consumers.
- Bryman, A. 2012. Social research methods. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Chui, M., Löffler, M., and Roberts, R. 2010. The Internet of Things. McKinsey Quarterly. 34 (1), 1--9.Google Scholar
- Cook, D. J., and Das, S. K. 2007. How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 3 (2), 53--73. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cummins, C., Orr, R., O'Connor, H., and West, C. 2013. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Microtechnology Sensors in Team Sports: A Systematic Review. Sport. Med. 43, 1025--1042.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dill, J. 2009. Bicycling for transportation and health: the role of infrastructure. J. Public Health Policy. 30 (s1), S95--S110.Google Scholar
- Fleisch, E. 2010. What is the Internet of Things? - An Economic Perspective. Auto-ID Labs White Pap. WP-BIZAPP-053, 1--27.Google Scholar
- Flüchter, K., Wortmann, F., Fleisch, E. 2014. Digital Commuting: The Effect of Social Normative Feedback on E-bike Commuting - Evidence from a Field Study. In ECIS 2014 Proceedings. (Tel Aviv, Israel, June 9-11, 2014).Google Scholar
- Hood, J., Sall, E., and Charlton, B. 2011. A GPS-based bicycle route choice model for San Francisco, California. Transp. Lett. Int. J. Transp. Res. 3 (1), 63--75.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Van Hooff, N. 2013. Performance assessment and feedback of fitness exercises using smartphone sensors. Master's thesis. University of Groningen.Google Scholar
- Intille, S. S., Lester, J., Sallis, J. F., and Duncan, G. 2012. New Horizons in Sensor Development. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 44.1 (suppl. 1), 24--31.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Juang, P., Oki, H., Wang, Y., Martonosi, M., Peh, L., and Rubenstein, D. 2002. Energy-Efficient Computing for Wildlife Tracking: Design Tradeoffs and Early Experiences with ZebraNet. ACM Sigplan Not. 37 (10), 96--107. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kranz, M., Möller, A., Hammerla, N., Diewald, S., Plötz, T., Olivier, P., and Roalter, L. 2013. The mobile fitness coach: Towards individualized skill assessment using personalized mobile devices. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 9 (2), 203--215. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Krause, J., Krause, S., Arlinghaus, R., Psorakis, I., Roberts, S., and Rutz, C. 2013. Reality mining of animal social systems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28 (9), 541--551.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Krippendorff, K. 2013. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.Google Scholar
- Lindsey, G., Hankey, S., Wang, X., Gorjestani, A., and Chen, J. 2013. Feasibility of Using GPS to Track Bicycle Lane Positioning. Technical report CTS 13-16. Intelligent Transportation Systems Institute, University of Minnesoata.Google Scholar
- Mattern, F. and Floerkemeier, C. 2010. From the Internet of Computers to the Internet of Things. Informatik-Spektrum. 33 (2), 107--121.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mayring, P. 2010. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. 11th ed. Weinheim: Beltz.Google Scholar
- OECD. 2012. OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050. OECD Publishing: Paris.Google Scholar
- Outram, C., Ratti, C., Biderman, A. 2010. The Copenhagen Wheel: An innovative electric bicycle system that harnesses the power of real-time information and crowd sourcing. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies. (Monaco, 2010).Google Scholar
- Randers, M. B., Mujika, I., Hewitt, A., Santisteban, J., Bischoff, R., Solano, R., Zubillaga, A., Peltola, E., Krustrup, P., and Mohr, M. 2010. Application of four different football match analysis systems: A comparative study. J. Sports Sci. 28 (2), 171--82.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sommerville, I., and Kotonya, G. 1998. Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Google ScholarDigital Library
- UNEP. 2010. Share the Road: Investment in Walking and Cycling Road Infrastructure. UNEP: Nairobi.Google Scholar
- von Watzdorf, S., and Michahelles, F. 2010. Accuracy of positioning data on smartphones. In LocWeb 2010 Proceedings (Tokyo, Japan, November 29, 2010). Google ScholarDigital Library
- ZIV. 2014. Pressemitteilung zum E-Bike Markt 2013. Zweirad-Industrie-Verband: Berlin.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Implementing the connected e-bike: challenges and requirements of an IoT application for urban transportation
Recommendations
Security of communications in connected cars Modeling and safety assessment
BDCA'17: Proceedings of the 2nd international Conference on Big Data, Cloud and ApplicationsIn the context of modernization and development of new information and communications technology, ultra-connected world has become a strategic element. Wireless communication technologies have enabled a kaleidoscopic range of applications that are ...
A Statistical-Based Anomaly Detection Method for Connected Cars in Internet of Things Environment
IOV 2015: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet of Vehicles - Safe and Intelligent Mobility - Volume 9502A connected car is the most successful thing in the era of Internet of Things IoT. The connections between vehicles and networks grow and provide more convenience to users. However, vehicles become exposed to malicious attacks from outside. Therefore, a ...
Authorization Framework for Secure Cloud Assisted Connected Cars and Vehicular Internet of Things
SACMAT '18: Proceedings of the 23nd ACM on Symposium on Access Control Models and TechnologiesInternet of Things has become a predominant phenomenon in every sphere of smart life. Connected Cars and Vehicular Internet of Things, which involves communication and data exchange between vehicles, traffic infrastructure or other entities are pivotal ...
Comments