Binh Nguyen
ABSTRACT
The popularity of smartphones and smartphone applications means that data is the dominant traffic type in current mobile networks. In this paper we present our work on a systematic investigation into facets of the LTE/EPC architecture that impact the performance of TCP as the predominant transport layer protocol used by applications on mobile networks. We found that (1) load increase in a cell causes dramatic bandwidth reduction on UEs and significantly degrades TCP performance, (2) seamless handover causes significant TCP losses while lossless handover increases TCP segments' delay.
- Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol Specification (Release 8), 3GPP TS 36.322. V8. 0.0, Dec (2007).Google Scholar
- Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Specification. Tech. rep., Tech. Rep 3GPP TS 36.323, 2009.Google Scholar
- Requirements for support of radio resource management. Tech. rep., Tech. Rep 3GPP TS 36.133, 2011.Google Scholar
- Physical layer procedures. Tech. rep., Tech. Rep 3GPP TS 36.213, 2014.Google Scholar
- BALAKRISHNAN, H., SESHAN, S., AND KATZ, R. H. Improving reliable transport and handoff performance in cellular wireless networks. Wireless Networks 1, 4 (1995), 469--481. Google ScholarDigital Library
- BLAJIC , T., NOGULIC, D., AND DRUŽIJANIĆ , M. Latency Improvements in 3G Long Term Evolution. Mipro CTI, svibanj (2006).Google Scholar
- CHAN, M. C., AND RAMJEE, R. TCP/IP performance over 3G wireless links with rate and delay variation. Wireless Networks 11, 1-2 (2005), 81--97. Google ScholarDigital Library
- ERMAN, J., GOPALAKRISHNAN, V., JANA, R., AND RAMAKRISHNAN, K. K. Towards a SPDY'Ier Mobile Web? In Proceedings of the ACM CoNEXT (2013), pp. 303--314. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HA, S., RHEE, I., AND XU, L. CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 42, 5 (2008), 64--74. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HENDERSON, T. R., LACAGE, M., RILEY, G. F., DOWELL, C., AND KOPENA, J. Network simulations with the ns-3 simulator. SIGCOMM demonstration (2008).Google Scholar
- HOLMA, H., AND TOSKALA, A. LTE for UMTS-OFDMA and SC-FDMA based radio access. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HUANG, J., QIAN, F., GUO, Y., ZHOU, Y., XU, Q., MAO, Z. M., SEN, S., AND SPATSCHECK, O. An in-depth study of LTE: Effect of network protocol and application behavior on performance. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM (2013), ACM, pp. 363--374. Google ScholarDigital Library
- INDEX, C. V. N. Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2013-2018. White Paper, February (2014).Google Scholar
- JANSEN, S., AND MCGREGOR, A. Simulation with real world network stacks. In Simulation Conference, 2005 Proceedings of the Winter (2005), IEEE, pp. 10--pp. Google ScholarDigital Library
- JIANG, H., LIU, Z., WANG, Y., LEE, K., AND RHEE, I. Understanding bufferbloat in cellular networks. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Cellular networks: operations, challenges, and future design (2012), ACM, pp. 1--6. Google ScholarDigital Library
- KEVIN FITCHARD. Data now 85% of mobile traffic but 39% of revenue: What gives? http://tinyurl.com/m3xg469, March 2012.Google Scholar
- LUDWIG, R., AND KATZ, R. H. The Eifel algorithm: making TCP robust against spurious retransmissions. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 30, 1 (2000), 30--36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PACIFICO, D., PACIFICO, M., FISCHIONE, C., HJALRMASSON, H., AND JOHANSSON, K. Improving TCP Performance During the Intra LTE Handover. In GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE (2009). Google ScholarDigital Library
- PARSONS, J. D., AND PARSONS, P. J. D. The mobile radio propagation channel. J. Wiley, 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- QIAN, F., SEN, S., AND SPATSCHECK, O. Silent TCP Connection Closure for Cellular Networks. In Proceedings of ACM CoNEXT (2013), pp. 211--216. Google ScholarDigital Library
- RHEE, I., SHIN, M., HONG, S., LEE, K., KIM, S. J., AND CHONG, S. On the levy-walk nature of human mobility. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) 19, 3 (2011), 630--643. Google ScholarDigital Library
- ROSSI, M., SCARANARI, L., AND ZORZI, M. On the UMTS RLC parameters setting and their impact on higher layers performance. In Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Fall. 2003 IEEE 58th (2003), vol. 3, IEEE, pp. 1827--1832.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SAROLAHTI, P., KOJO, M., AND RAATIKAINEN, K. F-RTO: an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission timeouts. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 33, 2 (2003), 51--63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- WINSTEIN, K., SIVARAMAN, A., AND BALAKRISHNAN, H. Stochastic forecasts achieve high throughput and low delay over cellular networks. In Proceedings of USENIX NSDI (2013), pp. 459--472. Google ScholarDigital Library
- XU, H., CHEN, Y.-C., XU, X., GONEN, E., AND LIU, P. Performance analysis on the radio link control protocol of UMTS system. In Vehicular Technology Conference. 2002 IEEE 56th, vol. 4, pp. 2026--2030.Google Scholar
- XU, Y., WANG, Z., LEONG, W. K., AND LEONG, B. An End-to-End Measurement Study of Modern Cellular Data Networks. In Proceedings of the 15th Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM 2014) (March 2014).Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Towards understanding TCP performance on LTE/EPC mobile networks
Recommendations
Improving TCP performance over mobile networks
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most commonly used transport protocol on the Internet. All indications assure that mobile computers and their wireless communication links will be an integral part of the future internetworks. In this paper, we ...
Improving performance of TCP over mobile wireless networks
Mobile IP is a network layer protocol for handling mobility of hosts in the Internet. However, mobile IP handoff causes degradation of TCP performance. Hence, there is a need for improving performance of TCP over mobile IP in wireless mobile networks. ...
A modification of TCP flow control for improving end-to-end TCP performance over networks with wireless links
End-to-end Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance is one of the more important issues in wireless Internet services. This paper proposes the improvement of end-to-end TCP performance via a TCP-aware link layer protocol called Adaptive TCP (A-...
Comments