ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a model of a delay tolerant network(DTN) and identify that this model can be suitably reformulated as a bipartite network and that the major predictions from the former are equivalent to that of the latter. In particular, we show that the coverage of the information dissemination process in the DTN matches accurately with the size of the largest component in the suitably thresholded one-mode projection of the corresponding bipartite network. In the process of this analysis, some of the important insights gained are that (a) arbitrarily increasing the number of agents participating in the dissemination process cannot increase the coverage once the system has reached the stationary state for a given buffer time (i.e., the time for which a message resides in the buffer of the places visited by the agents), (b) the coverage varies inversely with the square of the number of places in the system and directly with the square of the average social participation of the agents and (c) it is possible to design an optimal buffer time for a desired cost of coverage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such work that employs the rich theoretical backbone of bipartite networks as a "proxy" for the analysis of the otherwise intractable DTN dynamics thus allowing for various novel analytical estimates.
- J. Y. L. B. A. Chaintreau and N. Ristanović. The age of gossip: Spatial mean-field regime. In Proceedings of ACM Sigmetrics, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Alon, C. Avin, M. Koucky, G. Kozma, Z. Lotker, and M. R. Tuttle. Many random walks are faster than one. In Proceedings of SPAA, pages 119--128, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Balasubramanian, B. Levine, and A. Venkataramani. Dtn routing as a resource allocation problem. In SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Bettstetter. Mobility modeling in wireless networks: categorization, smooth movement, and border effects. Sigmobile Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., 5:55--66, July 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y. C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva. A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In Proceedings of MobiCom, pages 85--97, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies. A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. WCMC: Special Issue, 2:483--502, 2002.Google Scholar
- O. S. Chau, P. Hui, and V. O. K. Li. An architecture enabling bluetoothtm/jinitm interoperability. In Proceedings of PIMRC, pages 3013--3018, 2004.Google Scholar
- M. Choudhury, N. Ganguly, A. Maiti, A. Mukherjee, L. Brusch, A. Deutsch, and F. Peruani. Modeling discrete combinatorial systems as alphabetic bipartite networks: Theory and applications. Phys. Rev. E, 81:036103, 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- P. Diaconis and D. Freedman. Finite exchangeable sequences. Annals of Probability, 8(4):744--764, 1980.Google ScholarCross Ref
- V. V. Dimakopoulos and E. Pitoura. On the performance of flooding-based resource discovery. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., 17(11):1242--1252, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Gao, Q. Li, B. Zhao, and G. Cao. Multicasting in delay tolerant networks: A social network perspective. In Proceedings of MobiHoc, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Ghosh, A. Srivastava, T. Krueger, and N. Ganguly. Degree distribution of one mode projection of evolving alpha bipartite networks. Available at http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/resgrp/cnerg/Files/BipartiteNetwork.pdf.Google Scholar
- B. Gu, X. Hong, and P. Wang. Analysis for bio-inspired thrown-box assisted message dissemination in delay tolerant networks. Telecommun Syst, Springer, 2011.Google Scholar
- R. Jathar and A. Gupta. Probabilistic routing using contact sequencing in delay tolerant networks. In Proceedings of COMSNETS, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Lee, S. Hong, S. J. Kim, I. Rhee, and S. Chong. Slaw: A new mobility model for human walks. In Proceedings of INFOCOM, pages 855--863, 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Mukherjee, M. Choudhury, and N. Ganguly. Understanding how both the partitions of a bipartite network affect its one-mode projection. Physica A, 390(20):3602--3607, 2011.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Nandi, L. Brusch, A. Deutsch, and N. Ganguly. Coverage-maximization in networks under resource constraints. Phys. Rev. E, 81(6):061124, Jun 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Oikonomou, D. Kogias, and I. Stavrakakis. A study of information dissemination under multiple random walkers and replication mechanisms. In Proceedings of MobiOpp, pages 118--125, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Peruani, M. Choudhury, A. Mukherjee, and N. Ganguly. Emergence of a non-scaling degree distribution in bipartite networks: a numerical and analytical study. Euro. Phys. Lett., 79:28001, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
- F. Peruani, A. Maiti, S. Sadhu, H. Chaté, R. R. Choudhury, and N. Ganguly. Modeling broadcasting using omnidirectional and directional antenna in delay tolerant networks as an epidemic dynamics. IEEE-JSAC, 28(4):524, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Picu and T. Spyropoulos. Distributed stochastic optimization in opportunistic networks: The case of optimal relay selection. In Proceedings of CHANTS, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Shahbazi, S. Karunasekera, and A. Harwood. Improving performance in delay/disruption tolerant networks through passive relay points. In Wireless Network, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Small and Z. J. Haas. The shared wireless infostation model: a new ad hoc networking paradigm (or where there is a whale, there is a way). In Proceedings of MobiHoc, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra. Spray and focus: Efficient mobility-assisted routing for heterogeneous and correlated mobility. In Proceedings of IEEE PerCom workshops, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Q. Yuan, I. Cardei, and J. Wu. Predict and relay: an efficient routing in disruption-tolerant networks. In Proceedings of MobiHoc, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Zhao, Y. Chen, M. Ammar, M. Corner, B. Levine, and E. Zegura. Capacity enhancement using throwboxes in dtns. In Proceedings of MASS, pages 31--40, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Information dissemination dynamics in delay tolerant network: a bipartite network approach
Recommendations
Opportunistic shortest path forwarding in delay tolerant networks
CFI '10: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Future Internet TechnologiesDelay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are characterized by probabilistic links formed among mobile nodes indicating their probabilistic encounters. Prior work on DTN routing uses expected delays as a routing metric to decide the next hop relay node for packet ...
Encounter based fuzzy logic routing in delay tolerant networks
Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are a newest class of networks that have the ability to provide connectivity to areas that are yet to be served by conventional networks. Routing in DTN is a tough task because nodes have no prior information about the ...
Design, implementation and analysis of routing based attack model for delay tolerant networks for prophet routing protocol
Delay tolerant network (DTN) is an evolution of mobile adhoc network (MANET). In computing, network security is the main issue as the attacks by malicious and selfish nodes are increasing on the network day by day. This paper defines an attack model in ...
Comments