Howard Karloff
ABSTRACT
In recent years the MapReduce framework has emerged as one of the most widely used parallel computing platforms for processing data on terabyte and petabyte scales. Used daily at companies such as Yahoo!, Google, Amazon, and Facebook, and adopted more recently by several universities, it allows for easy parallelization of data intensive computations over many machines. One key feature of MapReduce that differentiates it from previous models of parallel computation is that it interleaves sequential and parallel computation. We propose a model of efficient computation using the MapReduce paradigm. Since MapReduce is designed for computations over massive data sets, our model limits the number of machines and the memory per machine to be substantially sublinear in the size of the input. On the other hand, we place very loose restrictions on the computational power of of any individual machine---our model allows each machine to perform sequential computations in time polynomial in the size of the original input.
We compare MapReduce to the PRAM model of computation. We prove a simulation lemma showing that a large class of PRAM algorithms can be efficiently simulated via MapReduce. The strength of MapReduce, however, lies in the fact that it uses both sequential and parallel computation. We demonstrate how algorithms can take advantage of this fact to compute an MST of a dense graph in only two rounds, as opposed to Ω(log(n)) rounds needed in the standard PRAM model. We show how to evaluate a wide class of functions using the MapReduce framework. We conclude by applying this result to show how to compute some basic algorithmic problems such as undirected s-t connectivity in the MapReduce framework.
- A model of computation for MapReduce
Recommendations
MapReduce: Review and open challenges
The continuous increase in computational capacity over the past years has produced an overwhelming flow of data or big data, which exceeds the capabilities of conventional processing tools. Big data signify a new era in data exploration and utilization. ...
Challenges for MapReduce in Big Data
SERVICES '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE World Congress on ServicesIn the Big Data community, MapReduce has been seen as one of the key enabling approaches for meeting continuously increasing demands on computing resources imposed by massive data sets. The reason for this is the high scalability of the MapReduce ...
MapReduce Parallel Programming Model: A State-of-the-Art Survey
With the development of information technologies, we have entered the era of Big Data. Google's MapReduce programming model and its open-source implementation in Apache Hadoop have become the dominant model for data-intensive processing because of its ...
Comments