Jim Gray
Abstract
NAND flash densities have been doubling each year since 1996. Samsung announced that its 32-gigabit NAND flash chips would be available in 2007. This is consistent with Chang-gyu Hwang’s flash memory growth model1 that NAND flash densities will double each year until 2010. Hwang recently extended that 2003 prediction to 2012, suggesting 64 times the current density250 GB per chip. This is hard to credit, but Hwang and Samsung have delivered 16 times since his 2003 article when 2-GB chips were just emerging. So, we should be prepared for the day when a flash drive is a terabyte(!). As Hwang points out in his article, mobile and consumer applications, rather than the PC ecosystem, are pushing this technology.
- Hwang, C. 2003. Nanotechnology enables a new memory growth model. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(11): 1765-1771; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel5/5/27802/01240069.pdf.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- This Web site (http://www.dvnation.com/nand-flash-ssd.html) had a PQI flash disk for $1,800. The marginal cost is about $20 per gigabyte for flash today, so this device might be had for about $600, comparable to the price of a 15,000-RPM SCSI disk.Google Scholar
- Zushman, J. 2006. Hard drives go flash: Samsung Flash SSD. Tom's Hardware; http:// www.tomshardware.com/reviews/conventional-hard-drive-obsoletism,1324.html.Google Scholar
- Nath, S., Kansal, A. Flash DB: Dynamic self-tuning database for NAND flash. Microsoft Research Technical Report MSR-TR-2006-168; ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/TR-2006-168.pdf.Google Scholar
- Birrell, A., Isard, M., Thacker, C., Wobber, T. 2005. A design for high-performance flash disks. Microsoft Research Technical Report MSR-TR-2005-176; ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/TR-2005-176.pdf.Google Scholar
- See reference 5.Google Scholar
- See reference 5.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Flash Disk Opportunity for Server Applications: Future flash-based disks could provide breakthroughs in IOPS, power, reliability, and volumetric capacity when compared with conventional disks.
Recommendations
DCD—disk caching disk: a new approach for boosting I/O performance
ISCA '96: Proceedings of the 23rd annual international symposium on Computer architectureThis paper presents a novel disk storage architecture called DCD, Disk Caching Disk, for the purpose of optimizing I/O performance. The main idea of the DCD is to use a small log disk, referred to as cache-disk, as a secondary disk cache to optimize ...
Performance of Two-Disk Failure-Tolerant Disk Arrays
RAID5 disk arrays use the rebuild process to reconstruct the contents of a failed disk on a spare disk, but this process is unsuccessful if latent sector failures are encountered or a second disk failure occurs. The high cost of data loss has led to two-...
Disk striping in video server environments
ICMCS '96: Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and SystemsAbstract: A growing number of applications need access to video data stored in digital form on secondary storage devices (e.g., video-on-demand, multimedia messaging). As a result, video servers that are responsible for the storage and retrieval, at ...
Comments