ABSTRACT
A novel, autonomous, fully distributed sensor node platform designed and built for a continuous, wide-area surveillance and security system is described. Sensor nodes cooperate to detect and track intruders in the surveilled area. Analysis and simulation of the surveillance system indicates that while considerably more capability is required in many aspects (processing power, memory, latency, communication range, and so on) than is currently available in common "mote" designs, performance, energy consumption, node lifetime, and ease of use are enhanced by this approach. Because higher capability components are used, more careful scheduling and power control software is required to mitigate the impact on energy consumption. A full software suite was developed and instrumented to record true system usage during operation of the surveillance system. Measurements of actual usage have been made on a moderately oversized prototype platform. A second generation platform has been designed based on the measured usage data. The software suite is being ported to this platform. Lifetime of the second generation platform running the demanding surveillance application is expected to be about 90 days on 2 AA batteries (3000mAh at 1.5V). Applications with less stringent requirements should enjoy much longer lifetimes.
- Arora, A., Dutta, P., Bapat, S., Kulathumani, V., Zhang, H., Naik, V., Mittal, V., Cao, H., Demirbas, M., Gouda, M., Choi, Y-R., Herman, T., Kulkarni, S. S., Arumugam, U., Nesterenko, M., Vora, A. and Miyashita, M. A Line in the sand: A wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking. Computer Networks (Elsevier),46, 5, 2004, 605--634. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brooks, R., Griffin, C., Friedlander, D., Self-Organized Distributed Sensor Network Entity Tracking. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 16, 3, (2002), 207--219.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Crossbow Micaz Data Sheet, Crossbow Document Part Number: 6020-0060-03 Rev A, www.xbow.com.Google Scholar
- Dust Networks' M2030 Data Sheet, www.dust-inc.com.Google Scholar
- Hammel, T., Rich, M., Graff, C. Design of a Sensor Protocol Suite for VLSI Implementation. In Military Communications Conference, 2005 (MILCOM 2005) (Atlantic City, NJ, October 20, 2005). IEEE Press, 2005, Vol. 4, 2421--2426.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hammel, T.,Yetso, B., and Rogers, T., Fusing live sensor data into situational multimedia views. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Multimedia Information Systems (Ischia, Italy, 2003). 2003, 145--156.Google Scholar
- Hill, J., Culler, D., Mica: A wireless platform for deeply embedded networks, IEEE Micro, 22, 6, (2002) 12--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hill, J., Horton, M., Kling, R., Krishamurthy, L., The platforms enabling wireless sensor networks, Communications of the ACM, 47, 6 (June 2004), 41--46. Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE Std 802.15.4™ 2003, Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), 1 October 2003, ISBN 0-7381-3677-5 SS95127.Google Scholar
- Langendoen, K., Reijers, N., Distributed localization in wireless sensor networks: a quantitative comparison, Computer Networks, special issue on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2, (2003). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ledeczi et al., Countersniper system for urban warfare, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2, (Nov 2005), 153--177. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Li, D., Wong, K., Hu Y., Sayeed, A., Detection, Classification and tracking of targets in distributed sensor networks, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 19, 2, (March 2002) 17--29.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Merrill, W., Sohrabi, K., Girod, L., Elson, J., Newberg, F., Kaiser, W., Open Standard Development Platforms for Distributed Sensor Networks, Proceedings of SPIE Aero Sense Conference 2002.Google Scholar
- McIntire, D. Energy Benefits of 32-bit Microprocesor Wireless Sensing Systems. Technical Note, Sensoria Corporation, Culver City, California.Google Scholar
- Morton, G., MSP430 Competitive Benchmarking, Texas Instruments Application Report SLAA205A, January 2005.Google Scholar
- Nachman, L., Kling, R., Adler, R., Huang, J., Hummel, V., The Intel Mote platform: a Bluetooth-based sensor network for industrial monitoring, Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks, April 24-27, 2005 (Los Angeles, California, USA, 2005) 61. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Oh, S., Chen, P., Manzo, M., and Sastry, S. Instrumenting Wireless Sensor Networks for Real-time Surveillance. In Proc. of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Orlando, FL, May 2006).Google Scholar
- Zigbee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06, Version 1.0 December 14th, 2004.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A higher capability sensor node platform suitable for demanding applications
Recommendations
Node Placement Strategy in Wireless Sensor Network
The performance and quality of services in wireless sensor networks WSNs depend on coverage and connectivity. Node placement is a fundamental issue closely related to the coverage and connectivity in sensor networks. Node placement influences the target ...
Joint Sink Mobility and Node Deployment for Prolonging Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks
BCGIN '13: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Business Computing and Global InformatizationWhen cluster heads transmit their data to the sink via multi-hop mode, the cluster heads closer to the sink are burdened with heavy relay traffic and tend to die early. In this paper, taking both sink mobility and node deployment into account, we ...
Clustering routing protocol based on location node in wireless sensor networks
SEPADS'11: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Software engineering, parallel and distributed systemsWireless sensor network is made of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. The big challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is how to utilize energy efficiently and prolong network lifetime. Hence, energy efficiency is a key ...
Comments