ABSTRACT
This paper presents two case studies of informal group communication using multimedia conferencing that supports various media including video, audio and chat. The studies provide a comparison of audio and chat as communication medium and present data on usage patterns, user preferences and attitudes. The quantitative and qualitative data collected suggest that chat does have advantages in some situations when used for informal communication along with video. The results provide evidence against the hypothesis that chat is a low bandwidth alternative only used when audio communication is unavailable. This suggests that video mediated chat deserves further attention from designers and the research community, since it is often ignored as a "useful" scenario.
- Marratech AB. http://www.marratech.comGoogle Scholar
- Adamczyk, P.D. and Bailey, B.P., If not now, when?: The effects of interruption at different moments within task execution. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '04), (Vienna, Austria, April 24-29, 2004), ACM Press, New York, NY, 271--278. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Aoki, P.M., Romaine, M., Szymanski, M.H., Thornton, J.D., Wilson, D. and Woodruff, A., The Mad Hatter's Cocktail Party: A Social Mobile Audio Space Supporting Multiple Simultaneous Conversations. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '03), (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2003), ACM Press, New York, NY, 425--432. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bailey, B.P., Konstan, J.A. and Carlis, J.V., Measuring the effects of interruptions on task performance in the user interface. in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC '00), (Nashville, TN, Oct. 8-11, 2000), IEEE, 757--762.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bos, N., Gergle, D., Olson, J.S. and Olson, G.M., Being there versus seeing there: Trust via video. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, Ext. Abstracts (CHI '01), (Seattle, WA, April 20 - 25, 2001), ACM Press, New York, NY, 291--292. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bradner, E., Kellogg, W. and Erickson, T., The Adoption and Use of "Babble": A Field Study of Chat in the Workplace. in Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW '99), (Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 12-16, 1999), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 139--158. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chapanis, A., Ochsman, R., Parrish, R. and Weeks, G. Studies in Interactive Communication. 1: The effects of four communication modes on the behaviour of teams during cooperative problem solving. Human Factors, 14, (1972), 487--509.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chapanis, A., Parrish, R., Ochsman, R. and Weeks, G. Studies in Interactive Communication. II: The effects of four communication modes on the behaviour of teams during cooperative problem solving. Human Factors, 19, 2 (1977), 101--125.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Czerwinski, M., Cutrell, E. and Horvitz, E., Instant Messaging and Interruption: Influence of Task Type on Performance. in Proceedings of OZCHI '00, (Sydney, Australia, Oct. 4 - 8, 2000), 356--361.Google Scholar
- Dabbish, L. and Kraut, R.E., Controlling Interruptions: Awareness Displays and Social Motivation for Coordination. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '04), (Chicago, IL, Nov. 6 - 10, 2004), ACM Press, New York, NY, 182--191. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dourish, P. and Bly, S., Portholes: Supporting Awareness in a Distributed Work Group. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '92), (Monterey, CA, May 3 - 7, 1992), ACM Press, New York, NY, 541--547. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Egido, C., Video conferencing as a technology to support group work: a review of its failures. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '88), (Portland, OR, Sept. 26-28, 1988), ACM Press, New York, NY, 13--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fish, R.S., Kraut, R.E. and Chalfonte, B.L., The VideoWindow System in Informal Communication. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '90), (Los Angeles, CA, October 7-10, 1990), ACM Press, New York, NY. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fish, R.S., Kraut, R.E., Root, R.W. and Rice, R.E. Evaluating Video as a Technology for Informal Communication. Communications of the ACM, 36, 1 (1993), 48--67. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gonzalez, V.M. and Mark., G., Constant, Constant, Multi-tasking Craziness: Managing Multiple Working Spheres. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '04), (Vienna, Austria, April 24 - 29, 2004), ACM Press, New York, NY, 113--120. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gutwin, C. and Greenberg, S., Workspace awareness for groupware. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, Ext. Abstracts (CHI '01), (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1996), ACM Press, 208--209. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Handel, M. and Herbsleb, J.D., What Is Chat Doing in the Workplace? in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '02), (New Orleans, Louisiana, Nov. 16-20, 2002), ACM Press, New York, NY, 1--10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Harr, R. and Wiberg, M. Lost in translation: Investigating the ambiguity of availability cues in an online media space. To be published in the Internation Journal Behaviour and Information Technology (BIT). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Herbsleb, J.D., Atkins, D.L., Boyer, D.G., Handel, M. and Finholt, T.A., Introducing Instant Messaging and Chat in the Workplace. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '02), (Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 20-25, 2002), ACM Press, New York, NY, 171--178. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hollan, J. and Stornetta, S., Beyond Being There. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '92), (Monterey, CA, May 3-7, 1992), ACM Press, New York, NY, 119--125. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Isaacs, E., Walendowski, A., Whittaker, S., Schiano, D.J. and Kamm, C., The character, functions, and styles of instant messaging in the workplace. in Proceedings of Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), (New Orleans, LA, Nov. 16-20, 2002), 11--22. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Johnson, B. and Greenberg, S., Judging People's Availability for Interaction from Video Snapshots. in Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), (Maui, Hawaii, Jan. 5-8, 1999), IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kraut, R.E., Fish, R., Root, R. and Chalfonte, B. Informal communication in organizations: Form, function, and technology. in Oskamp, S. and Spacapan, S. eds. Human reactions to technology: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA, 1990, 145--199.Google Scholar
- Mantei, M.M., Baecker, R.M., Sellen, A.J., Buxton, W.A.S., Milligan, T. and Wellman, B., Experiences in the use of a media space. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ( New Orleans, Louisiana, 1991), ACM Press, 203--208. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mee, A. The Pleasure Telephone the Strand Magazine, 1898, 339--369.Google Scholar
- Nardi, B.A., Whittaker, S. and Bradner, E., Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '00), (Philadelphia, PA, Dec. 2-6, 2000), ACM Press, New York, NY, 79--88. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nilsson, M., Drugge, M., Liljedahl, U., Synnes, K. and Parnes, P., A Study on Users' Preference on Interruption When Using Wearable Computers and Head Mounted Displays. in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'05), (Kauai, Hawaii, March 8-12, 2005), 149--158. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'Neill, J. and Martin, D., Text Chat in Action. in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work (GROUP '03), (Sanibel Island, Florida, November 9-12, 2003), ACM Press, New York, NY, 40--49. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Panko, R.R. Managerial Communication Patterns. Journal of Organizational Computing, 2, 1 (1992), 95--122.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Parviainen, R. and Parnes, P., A Web Based History tool for Multicast e-Meeting Sessions. in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME '04), (Taipei, Taiwan, June 27 - 30, 2004), IEEE.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Rouncefield, M., 'Hughes, J.A., Rodden, T. and Viller, S., Working with "Constant Interruption": CSCW and the Small Office. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '94), (Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 22-26, 1994), ACM Press, New York, NY, 275--286. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schliemann, T., Asting, T., Følstad, A. and Heim, J., Medium preference and medium effects in person-person communication. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, Ext. Abstracts (CHI '02), (Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 20-25, 2002), ACM Press, New York, NY, 710--711. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Short, J., Williams, E. and Christie, B. The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. Wiley, New York, 1976.Google Scholar
- Tang, J.C. and Isaacs, E.A. Why do users like video? studies of multimedia-supported collaboration. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: An International Journal, 1, 3 (1993), 163--196.Google Scholar
- Tang, J.C., Isaacs, E.A. and Rua, M., Supporting distributed groups with a Montage of lightweight interactions. in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '94), (Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 22-26, 1994), ACM Press, New York NY, 23--34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tscholl, M., McCarthy, J.D. and Scholl, J., The effect of video-augmented chat on collaborative learning with cases. in Proceedings of Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '05), (Taipei, Taiwan, May 30 - June 4, 2005). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vera, A., Kvan, T., West, R.L. and Lai, S., Expertise, collaboration and bandwidth. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '98), (Los Angeles, CA, Apr. 18 - 23, 1998), ACM Press, New York, NY, 503--510. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Whittaker, S. Theories and Methods in Mediated Communication. in Graesser, A., Gernsbacher, M. and Goldman, S. eds. The Handbook of Discourse Processes, Erlbaum, NJ, 2002, 243--286.Google Scholar
- Whittaker, S. Things to talk about when talking about things. Human-Computer Interaction, 18, (2003), 149--170. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Whittaker, S., Frohlich, D. and Daly-Jones, O., Informal workplace communication: what is it like and how might we support it? in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '94), (Boston, MA, Apr. 24-28, 1994), ACM Press, New York, NY, 131--137. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Whittaker, S., Swanson, J., Kucan, J. and Sidner, C. TeleNotes: managing lightweight interactions in the desktop. ACM transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 4, 2 (1997), 137--168. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Williams, E. Experimental comparisons of face-to-face and mediated communication: A Review. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 5 (1977), 963--976.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- A comparison of chat and audio in media rich environments
Recommendations
CHAT for chat
This mixed methods study addresses learning in online chat virtual reference service at a large university library. Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) provides the guiding principle and philosophy for the investigation, understanding, and ...
A polyphonic model and system for inter-animation analysis in chat conversations with multiple participants
CICLing'10: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text ProcessingDiscourse in instant messenger conversations (chats) with multiple participants is often composed of several intertwining threads. Some chat environments for Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) support and encourage the existence of ...
Chatting with glue: cognitive tools for augmented conversation
Programming '20: Companion Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Art, Science, and Engineering of ProgrammingConversation is a creative process. When we converse, we engage rich networks of meaning, forming conceptual connections within and among ourselves. To prevent these connections from fading, we take notes or work together through other external media. ...
Comments